Table of Contents

Chapter 1. Introducing the PastWhat Archaeology IsArchaeology, Anthropology, and CultureArchaeology and HistoryArchaeology and Classical StudiesArchaeology and GeographyArchaeology and the Natural SciencesEverything Else and the Kitchen Sink, TooThe Goals of ArchaeologyGoal One: To Discover the PastGoal Two: Ordering the PastGoal Three: Explaining Culture Process and Interpreting Past CulturesGoal Four: Cultural Resource ManagementGoal Five: EducationWhat Archaeology Is NotChapter 2. Order in the Record: Material, Space, and Time in ArchaeologyMaterial: The First FrontierArtifactsFeaturesEcofactsWhat Is LostSpace: The Second FrontierEarly Assumptions Modern ApproachesTime: The Third FrontierTime, Space, and Material Culture IntertwinedThe Three-Age ApproachThe Name GameHow We Approach the PastChapter 3. Interpreting the Past-Isms and -IstsProcessual ArchaeologyPostprocessualism and Critiques of the New ArchaeologyMaking It Work in the Real WorldCulture HistoryBehavioral ArchaeologyArchaeology as Human EcologyExchange Systems and Archaeological TheoryCultural EvolutionArchaeology as Natural SelectionContextual ArchaeologyCognitive ArchaeologyMarxist ArchaeologyFeminist and Gender ArchaeologyChapter 4. Finding the PastNon-Field ReconnaissanceLiterature SearchRemote SensingGround Proofing MethodsPedestrian SurveySubsurface SurveyPutting It TogetherSampling BasicsChapter 5. Excavating the PastThe Decision to ExcavateStatistical SamplingMethodological StandardsDigging Into the PastVertical ApproachesHorizontal ApproachesLevels, Layers, and Preserving ContextSpecial Recovery TechniquesArchaeological DatingRelative DatingChronometric DatingChapter 6. Stone in the Archaeological RecordThe Processes of FlintknappingWhat Is StoneThe Anatomy of a FlakeHammering AwayPunching AwayGround Stool TechnologyChapter 7. Pottery in the Archaeological RecordMaterials and ManufactureMaterialsMethods of ConstructionSurface Treatments and DecorationsFiringThe Why and How of Ceramic StudiesWhy Study CeramicsHow Archaeologists Study CeramicsChapter 8. Metals and Glass in the Archaeological RecordMetalsCopper, An Ancient MediumBronze and BrassIron and Steel in the Ancient WorldIron and Steel in the Historic EraFunctional Categories: The Case of MunitionsGlassThe Making of GlassDecorationsChapter 9. Organic Materials in the Archaeological RecordPlantsPollenPhytolithsMacrobotanical RemainsAnimalsNonhuman BoneHuman RemainsPutting It All Together: Environmental ReconstructionChapter 10. The Preservation of the Archaeological RecordCultural Resource ManagementLaws and ArchaeologyLooting and Archaeology