Table of Contents

CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION Meaning of the word Temperature The Mercurial Thermometer Heat as a Quantity Diffusion of Heat by Conduction and Radiation The three Physical States of Bodies "CHAPTER II. THERMOMETRY, OR THE REGISTRATION OF TEMPERATURE" Definition of Higher and Lower Temperature Temperatures of Reference Different Thermometric Scales Construction of a Thermometer The Air Thermometer Other Methods of Ascertaining Temperatures "CHAPTER III. CALORIMETRY, OR THE MEASUREMENT OF HEAT" Selection of a Unit of Heat All Heat is of the same Kind Ice Calorimeters Bunsen's Calorimeter Method of Mixture Definitions of Thermal Capacity and Specific Heat Latent Heat of Steam CHAPTER IV. ELEMENTARY DYNAMICAL PRINCIPLES Measurement of Quantities "The Units of Length, Mass, and Time, and their Derived Units" Measurement of Force Work and Energy Principle of the Conservation of Energy CHAPTER V. MEASUREMENT OF INTERNAL FORCES AND THEIR EFFECTS Longitudinal Pressure and Tension Definition of a Fluid-Hydrostatic Pressure Work done by a Piston on a Fluid Watt's Indicator and the Indicator Diagram Elasticity of a Fluid CHAPTER VI. LINES OF EQUAL TEMPERATURE ON THE INDICATOR DIAGRAM "Relation between Volume, Pressure, and Temperature" Isothermal Lines of a Gas Isothermal Lines of a Vapour in Contact with its Liquid Steam Line and Water Line Continuity of the Liquid and Gaseous States-Experiments of Cagniard de la Tour and Andrews CHAPTER VII. ADIABATIC LINES Properties of a Substance when heat is prevented from entering or leaving it The Adiabatic Lines are Steeper than the Isothermals Diagram showing the Effects of Heat on Water CHAPTER VIII. HEAT ENGINES Carnot's Engine Second Law of Thermodynamics Carnot's Function and Thomson's Absolute Scale of Temperature Maximum Efficiency of a Heat Engine Thermodynamic Scale of Temperature Entropy Fictitious Thermal Lines CHAPTER IX. RELATIONS BETWEEN THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF A SUBSTANCE Four Thermodynamic Relations The two Modes of Defining Specific Heat The two Modes of Defining Elasticity CHAPTER X. LATENT HEAT Relation between the Latent Heat and the Alteration of the Volume of the Substance during a Change of State Lowering of the Freezing Point by Pressure CHAPTER XI. THERMODYNAMICS OF GASES Cooling by Expansion Calculation of the Specific Heat of Air CHAPTER XII. ON THE INTRINSIC ENERGY OF A SYSTEM OF BODIES Intrinsic Energy defined Available Energy Dissipation of Energy Mechanical and Thermal Analogies Prof. Gibbs' Thermodynamic Model CHAPTER XIII. ON FREE EXPANSION Theory of a Fluid rushing through a Porous Plug Determination of the Dynamical Equivalent of Heat Determination of the Absolute Scale of Temperature CHAPTER XIV. DETERMINATION OF HEIGHTS BY THE BAROMETER Principle of the Barometer The Barometer in a Diving Bell Height of the ' Homogeneous Atmosphere' Height of a Mountain found by the Barometer CHAPTER XV. ON THE PROPAGATION OF WAVES OF LONGITUDINAL DISTURBANCE Waves of Permanent Type Velocity of Sound CHAPTER XVI. ON RADIATION Definition of Radiation Interference Different Kinds of Radiation Prevost's Theory of Exchanges Rate of Cooling Effects of Radiation on Thermometers CHAPTER XVII. ON CONVECTION CURRENTS How they are Produced Joule's Determination of the Point of Maximum Density of Water CHAPTER XVIII. ON THE DIFFUSION OF HEAT BY CONDUCTION Conduction through a Plate Different Measures of Conductivity Conduction in a Solid Sketch of Fourier's Theory Harmonic Distributions of Temperature Steady and Periodic Flow of Heat Determination of the Thermal Conductivity of Bodies Applications of the Theory CHAPTER XIX. ON THE DIFFUSION OF FLUIDS Coefficient of Diffusion Researches of Graham and Loschmidt CHAPTER XX. ON CAPILLARITY Superficial Energy and Superficial Tension Rise of a Liquid in a Tube Evaporation and Condensation as Affected by Capillarity Table of Superficial Tension CHAPTER XXI. ON ELASTICITY AND VISCOSITY Different Kinds of Stress and Strain Coefficient of Viscosity CHAPTER XXII. MOLECULAR THEORY OF THE CONSTITUTION OF BODIES Kinetic and Potential Energy Evidence that Heat is the Kinetic Energy of the Molecules of a Body Kinetic Theory of Gases Deduction of the Laws of Gases Equilibrium of a Vertical Column "Diffusion, Viscosity, and Conduction" Evaporation and Condensation Electrolysis Radiation Limitation of the Second Law of Thermodynamics The Properties of Molecules

About the Author

James Clerk Maxwell: In His Own Words - And Others Dover reprinted Maxwell's Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism in 1954, surely one of the first classics of scientific literature over a thousand pages in length to be given new life and accessibility to students and researchers as a result of the paperback revolution of the 1950s. Matter and Motion followed in 1991 and Theory of Heat in 2001. Some towering figures in science have to speak for themselves. Such is James Clerk Maxwell (1813-1879), the Scottish physicist and mathematician who formulated the basic equations of classical electromagnetic theory. In the Author's Own Words: "We may find illustrations of the highest doctrines of science in games and gymnastics, in traveling by land and by water, in storms of the air and of the sea, and wherever there is matter in motion." "The 2nd law of thermodynamics has the same degree of truth as the statement that if you throw a tumblerful of water into the sea, you cannot get the same tumblerful of water out again." - James Clerk Maxwell Critical Acclaim for James Clerk Maxwell: "From a long view of the history of mankind - seen from, say, ten thousand years from now - there can be little doubt that the most significant event of the 19th century will be judged as Maxwell's discovery of the laws of electrodynamics. The American Civil War will pale into provincial insignificance in comparison with this important scientific event of the same decade." - Richard P. Feynman "Maxwell's equations have had a greater impact on human history than any ten presidents." - Carl Sagan