Introduction
Part I Introduction and Overview of PacketCable
Chapter 1PacketCable Overview
PacketCable Motivation
Understanding the PacketCable Big Picture
Standards
IETF RFCs
ANSI/Telcordia, ITU, and Other Specifications
DOCSIS Specifications
PacketCable Specifications
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Chapter 2 PacketCable Functional Components
Multimedia Terminal Adapter (MTA)
Overview of the CM2P2B
Overview of the CG2P2WB
Cable Modem (CM)
Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS)
Cisco CMTS Products
Call Agent
Call Management Server (CMS)
Gate Controller (GC)
Media Gateway Controller (MGC)
Announcement Controller (ANC)
Overview of the BTS 10200 Softswitch
Signaling Gateway (SG)
Overview of the ITP Signaling Gateway
Media Gateway (MG)
Overview of the MGX 8000 Series
Overview of the AS5000 Series
OSS/BSS BackOffice Components
Overview of BAC
Regional Distribution Unit (RDU)
Revisiting the Cisco BTS 10200
Record Keeping Server (RKS)
Lawful Intercept
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Part II MTA Provisioning
Chapter 3 Provisioning Overview
Provisioning Overview
Provisioning Protocols
DHCP
DNS
TFTP
HTTP
Time-of-Day (ToD) Protocol
System Logging (syslog)
SNMP
Kerberos
CMTS Configuration
BAC Configuration
CNR Configuration
RDU Configuration
DPE Configuration
KDC Configuration
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Chapter 4 Provisioning Flows
DOCSIS Cable Modem Provisioning
Scanning and Downstream Synchronization
Obtaining Upstream Parameters
Ranging
IP Connectivity Establishment
Time of Day Establishment
Transfer of Configuration Information
Registration
Baseline Privacy Initialization
PacketCable MTA Provisioning
The Secure Method
The Basic Method
The Hybrid Method
MTA to CMS Initialization
MTA to CMS Communication Loss
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Chapter 5 The MTA Configuration File
Cisco Broadband Configurator
Using the CBC GUI
Using the CBC CLI
MTA Configuration File Format
Device-Level Configuration Data
Device-Level Service Data
Per-Endpoint Configuration Data
Per-Realm Configuration Data
Per-CMS Configuration Data
Notification Receivers
BAC Configuration File Capabilities
Using Templates
Configuration File Utility
MTA Configuration After Initialization
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Part III Call Signaling
Chapter 6 Signaling Interfaces and MGCP Overview
Device Relationship
Endpoints and Connections
MGCP Message Format
MGCP Commands
Verbs
Transaction IDs
Endpoint Name
Protocol Version
MGCP Parameters
MGCP Commands Not Directly Related to Call Control
Packages, Events, and Signals
Making Calls and Call Control Commands
MGCP Responses
Response Codes and Reason Codes
Additional MGCP Information
SDP Protocol Overview
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Chapter 7 NCS (Network-based Call Signaling)
NCS Variations from MGCP
Command Header Format
Endpoint Naming Convention
Packages, Events, and Signals
Local Connection Option Parameters for CODECs and Packetization
Local Connection Option Parameters for DQoS
Local Connection Option Parameters for Security
SDP Attributes
Other Notable Changes
Examining Call Flows
Basic ONNET Call
Feature Calls
Configuring the BTS 10200
Basic or Core Configuration Tasks
Dial Plan Configuration Tasks
MTA Configuration Tasks
Call Feature Configuration Tasks
Troubleshooting Tips
General BTS Troubleshooting Tips
Troubleshooting an MTA Not In Service
DNS Issues
No Dial Tone or Ring Tone
No Ring Back Tone
No Voice Path and One Way Voice
DQoS Not Established or DQoS Information Missing
Large Post Dial Delay Issues
Parameter Negotiation Problems
SDP Problems
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Chapter 8 TGCP and the PSTN Interconnect
PSTN Call Signaling Overview
SS7 Overview
Links, Linksets, and Routes
The MTP Layers
The SCCP and TCAP Layers
The ISUP Layer
Signaling Gateway Overview and Sigtran
CAS Overview
TGCP Overview
TGCP Variations from MGCP
Command Header Format
TGCP Endpoint Naming Convention
Packages, Events, and Signals
Local Connection Option Parameters for CODECs and Packetization
Local Connection Option Parameters for Security
Local Connection Option Parameters for Lawful Intercept
SDP Attributes
Other Notable Changes
Examining Call Flows
Basic ONNET-to-OFFNET Call Flow
Basic OFFNET-to-ONNET Call Flow
Emergency 911 Call Flow
COT Testing
Component Configuration
Signaling Gateway Configuration
BTS 10200 Configuration
SS7 and Signaling Gateway Configuration Tasks
TCAP Configuration Tasks
Trunking Media Gateway Configuration Tasks
Dial Plan Configuration Tasks for OFFNET Call Routing
Configuring a Trunking Media Gateway
Troubleshooting Tips
Troubleshooting the Cisco ITP
Troubleshooting the Cisco BTS 10200
Troubleshooting the Cisco VXSM and VISM Media Gateways
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Chapter 9 Call Management Server Signaling Protocol (CMSS)
SIP Overview
CMSS/SIP in a PacketCable Network
SIP RFCs
SIP User Agents and Sessions
SIP Proxy Servers
SIP Security
SIP Protocol Format
Start Line
Message Header
Message Body
Examining Call Flows
Basic Call
Error Traces
CMSS Extensions of SIP
DQoS Extensions
Privacy Extensions
Extensions to Pass Additional Information
Other Extensions
Other Modifications
CMSS Timers
CMSS Call Flow
Configuring SIP and CMSS on the BTS 10200
Step 1: Configuring the SIP/CMSS Characteristics
Step 2: Configuring the SIP/CMSS Trunk Group
Step 3: Putting the Trunk Group into Service
Step 4: Defining Routes for Trunk Groups
Step 5: Defining Destinations
Step 6: Defining the Dial Plan
Troubleshooting Tips
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Part IV Media Stream
Chapter 10 Audio CODECs
How CODECs Work
PacketCable CODECs
G.711
G.728
G.729E
iLBC
BV16
Wideband CODECs
CODEC Negotiation
CODEC Metrics
Voice Clarity
Delay
Echo
Voice Path Problems
No Voice and One-way Voice
Garbled Voice
Other Voice Problems
DTMF Digit Transport
Voice Band Data (VBD) Transport
Analog Modem Transport
Facsimile Transport
Teletype Technology Transport
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Chapter 11 RTP and RTCP
RTP Protocol Stack
RTP Message Format
Payloads and Payload Types
Sequence Number
Timestamp
Synchronization Source (SSRC)
RTP Packet Trace Analysis
Packet Size Comparison
Silence Suppression (also Known as VAD)
DTMF Relay
Fax Relay (T.38)
RTCP Overview
RTCP Message Format
Component Configuration and Troubleshooting
The Cisco CMS: BTS 10200
The Cisco MG: VXSM
The Cisco MG: VISM
MTA Configuration File
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Part V Quality of Service
Chapter 12 DQoS Architecture and Framework
DQoS Overview
Gates
Gate States
COPS Protocol
COPS Initialization
CMTS to CMS Heartbeats
PacketCable Objects in COPS
DQoS Timers
Authorizing DQoS Resources
Summary of RSVP Flow Specifications
Mapping SDP Information into RSVP Flow Specifications
Reserving and Committing DQoS Resources
Reviewing DOCSIS 1.1 QoS
Mapping DOCSIS Service Flows into RSVP Flow Specifications
Mapping DOCSIS Classifiers into Gate Classifiers
Revisiting CMTS Authorization
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Chapter 13 Analyzing, Implementing, and Troubleshooting DQoS
Protocol Message Flows and Operation
Basic ONNET Call
VAD and UGS-AD
Admission Control of Service Flows
Messaging in an Emergency 911 Call
Tying DOCSIS QoS to Backbone QoS
Configuration and Troubleshooting Commands
Configuring PacketCable DQoS on a Cisco CMTS
Enabling PacketCable Operation on the CMTS
Verifying and Troubleshooting DQoS on a Cisco CMTS
Debugging PacketCable DQoS
Testing PacketCable DQoS Functionality
BTS Configuration
Verifying and Troubleshooting DQoS on the BTS
Troubleshooting Tips
COPS Protocol Issues
Unexpected Gate Deletion from a Gate-Close Message
Unexpected Gate Deletion from a Gate-Delete Message
DOCSIS Protocol Issues
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Chapter 14 Multimedia Applications
PCMM Overview
PCMM Components
PacketCable Multimedia Clients
Application Server (AS)
Application Manager (AM)
Policy Server (PS)
Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS)
Cable Modem (CM)
RKS
Service and Resource Control Domains
PCMM DOCSIS Usage Considerations
PCMM COPS Usage Considerations
COPS Initialization
PEP to PDP Heartbeats
PacketCable Multimedia Objects in COPS
PCMM Message Flow Template
PCMM Message Flow Example
Event Messaging
Security
PCMM Configuration on a Cisco CMTS
Verifying and Troubleshooting PCMM on a Cisco CMTS
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Part VI Network Considerations
Chapter 15 Event Messaging and Lawful Intercept
Event Messaging Motivation and Background
Event Message Types
Event Messaging Call Flow
Event Messaging Configuration and Troubleshooting
Configuring Event Messaging on a BTS 10200
Configuring and Troubleshooting Event Messaging on a Cisco CMTS
PacketCable Lawful Intercept Motivation and Background
Surveillance Types
Lawful Intercept Terminology
AF-DF Communication
Communicating Lawful Intercept Information to the CMTS
Communicating Lawful Intercept Information to the MG
Communicating Lawful Intercept Information Across CMSS
DF-CF Communication
Capturing Call Data and PCESP
Lawful Intercept Call Flows
Capturing Call Content
Configuring Lawful Intercept
Troubleshooting Tips
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Chapter 16 PacketCable Network Design Considerations
Security Considerations
Types of Security Requirements
Usage of the IP Security Architecture (IPsec)
Configuring and Troubleshooting PacketCable Security
QoS Considerations
Characterizing Call Signaling Traffic
QoS for NCS Packets on the DOCSIS Network
Backbone QoS Overview
Setting DSCP Codepoints
Configuring Backbone QoS Policies
Use of MPLS in Backbone
Capacity Planning and Traffic Engineering
Determining the Call Capacity of a DOCSIS Upstream
The Effect of Changing Packetization Interval
The Effect of Changing CODEC
The Effect of Implementing PHS
The Effect of Implementing VAD
The Effect of Implementing Security
Differences Among Cable Linecards
Line Usage and Traffic Pattern Considerations
CMTS Considerations Beyond the Upstream Limitations
Capacity Planning on the CMS
Capacity Planning on the Trunking Gateway
Redundancy, Redundancy
CMS Availability
CMTS Availability
MTA Availability
MG Availability
SG Availability
OSS Server Availability
Other CMTS Design Considerations
Load Balancing
PacketCable Future
Chapter Summary
Chapter Review
Part VII Appendixes
Appendix A Standards and Specifications
Appendix B Cable Monitor and Ethereal
Appendix C Complete Call Flows
Index
1587051818 TOC 1/16/2007
PacketCable networks use Internet protocol (IP) technology to enable a wide range of multimedia services, such as IP telephony, multimedia conferencing, interactive gaming, and general multimedia applications. Such business and residential services delivered over a cable infrastructure is a natural extension of a cable network and is a key component of the cable industry's business growth strategy. The cable industry's need for knowledgeable engineering professionals is expected to increase dramatically. PacketCable Implementationwill supply IP networking information to those versed in cable video networks and help those deploying cable IP networks understand the ramifications of deploying PacketCable service on the cable network. Real-world case studies, tips, sample configurations, and sample network designs are included in this book. Tables and charts in every chapter will serve as quick and easy references to key points and each chapter will close with a summary section and chapter review questions, which will assess the readers understanding of the subject matter.
PacketCable networks use Internet protocol (IP) technology to enable a wide range of multimedia services, such as IP telephony, multimedia conferencing, interactive gaming, and general multimedia applications. Such business and residential services delivered over a cable infrastructure is a natural extension of a cable network and is a key component of the cable industry's business growth strategy. The cable industry's need for knowledgeable engineering professionals is expected to increase dramatically. PacketCable Implementationwill supply IP networking information to those versed in cable video networks and help those deploying cable IP networks understand the ramifications of deploying PacketCable service on the cable network. Real-world case studies, tips, sample configurations, and sample network designs are included in this book. Tables and charts in every chapter will serve as quick and easy references to key points and each chapter will close with a summary section and chapter review questions, which will assess the readers understanding of the subject matter.
Jeff Riddel, CCIE No. 12798, is a network consulting engineer for Cisco Systems Broadband Advanced Services team. He has several years of experience providing broadband consulting and testing expertise to the major U.S. cable companies (Comcast, Time Warner Cable, Cox, Cablevision, and Charter) as well as several international cable companies. Jeff has also worked on various Cisco VoIP products and solutions and is a Cisco Cable Communications Specialist (CCCS) and a member of the Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers (SCTE).
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