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This volume brings together the work of numerous scholars to explore the nature of postformal thought. The contributors represent the diversity of models and approaches that characterize the ongoing research in this area and, at the same time, act to unify this body of literature within a common framework of analysis.

Table of Contents

Preface
Structural and Nonstructural Models of Postformal Thought
Equilibration Models and the Framework of Postformal Cognition by Francis A. Richards
Alfred North Whitehead and Adult Model Development by Allan B. Chinen
Modes of Knowledge and the Organization of Development by Gisela Labouvie-Vief
The Reflective Judgment Model: Ten Years of Research by Karen Strohm Kitchener and Patricia M. King
Maps for Living: Ego-Development Stages from Symbiosis to Conscious Universal Embeddedness by Susanne R. Cook-Greuter
Unitary Consciousness and the Highest Development of Mind: The Relation Between Spiritual Development and Cognitive Development by Herb Koplowitz
Construct Validity and Theories of Adult Development: Testing for Necessary but Not Sufficient Relationships by Phillip Karl Wood
Measurements and Comparisons of Formal and Postformal Cognitive Operations
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Evidence for Differences between Well-Structured and Ill-Structured Problem-Solving Abilities by Mary M. Brabeck and Phillip K. Wood
Structural and Developmental Relations Between Formal and Postformal Capacities: Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Adolescent and Adult Cognitive Development by Andreas Demetriou
Applying Signal Detection Theory to Measure Subject Sensitivity to Metasystematic, Systematic and Lower-Developmental-Stage Signals by Francis A. Richards and Michael L. Commons.
Detecting Metasystematic, Systematic, and Lower-Stage Relations: An Empirical Investigation of Postformal Stages of Development by Francis A. Richards
The Relationship Between Piagetian and Kohlbergian Stage: An Examination of the "Necessary but Not Sufficient Relationship" by Michael L. Commons and Tina A. Grotzer
Postformal Models in the Moral Domain
The Development of Justice Reasoning During Young Adulthood: A Three-Dimensional Model by Mark B. Tappan
A Rawlsian View of Kohlberg's Conception of Stage-Six Justice Reasoning by Albert Erdynast
Critical Views of Postformal Thought
Which Postformal Levels Are Stages? by Lawrence Kohlberg
Bibliography
Author Index
Subject Index

About the Author

MICHAEL L. COMMONS is Lecturer and Research Associate in Psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, and Director of the Dare Institute. He is also the editor of several previous collections of original papers including Beyond Formal Operations (Praeger, 1984) and Adult Development (Praeger, 1979).

CHERYL ARMON is Chairperson of the Undergraduate Program at Antioch University, Los Angeles. She has coedited several previous collections of original papers including Beyond Formal Operations (Praeger, 1984) and Adult Devlopment, 1 (Praeger, 1979).

LAWRENCE KOHLBERG was Professr of Education and Social Psychology at Harvard University and Director of the Center for Moral Education and Development before his death in January, 1987.

FRANCIS A. RICHARDS is Evaluation and Testing Specialist in the Division of Management Information and Education of the Rhode Island Department of Education. Richards is also a coeditor of several previous collections of original papers including Beyond Formal Operations (Praeger, 1984) and Adult Development, 1 (Praeger, 1979).

TINA A. GROTZER is Research Associate at the Dare Institute and Coordinator of the Arlington, Massachusetts Public Schools' Challenge and Enrichment Programs. Her current interests include the cognitive and moral development of children and young adults.

JAN D. SINNOTT is Professor of Psychology at Towson State University and affiliated with the National Institute on Aging (NIH). She is also a clinician and a co-editor of Adult Development, 1 (Praeger, 1979) as well as the author of over 70 publications.