Table of Contents

Introduction: overview of 'Second War of Independence' (1859); Garibaldi's rising in the South (1860); events of 1861–66; and 'Third War of Independence' (1866–70)/ Chronology/ 1866 campaign: battle of Custoza, and naval clash off Lissa/ Conquest of Rome from Papal forces, 1870/ The Papal army, 1848–70: organization, uniforms, weapons, and tactical performance/ The minor states' armies, 1848–70: organization, uniforms, weapons and tactical performance of forces of Grand Duchy of Tuscany, Duchy of Parma and Duchy of Modena/ Patriots and volunteers: organization, uniforms, weapons and tactical performance of Italian patriots and foreign volunteers, 1848–70, particularly (1848–49) Roman Republic, San Marco Republic and Kingdom of Sicily, and (1848–61), Garibaldi's Redshirts and others/ Select Bibliography/ Plate Commentaries.

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A fully illustrated study into the varied Italian forces that fought in the wars to create an independent and unified nation.

About the Author

Gabriele Esposito is an Italian researcher and a long-time student of military history. His main field of research is the military of 19th-century Latin America, but his interests range from the Ancient world to modern post-colonial conflicts. He has published several works in the UK, including MAA 499 Armies of the War of the Triple Alliance 1864-70 and MAA 504 Armies of the War of the Pacific 1879–83, and is a regular contributor to many specialized magazines. He lives in Benevento, Italy. Giuseppe Rava was born in Faenza in 1963, and took an interest in all things military from an early age. Entirely self-taught, Giuseppe has established himself as a leading military history artist, and is inspired by the works of the great military artists, such as Detaille, Meissonier, Röchling, Lady Butler, Ottenfeld and Angus McBride. He lives and works in Italy.