Table of Contents

GENERAL INTRODUCTION-Painting and drawing PART I TREES CONSIDERED IN RELATION TO PAINTING I. "The painting of trees illustrated by a chronological series of pictures, with some descriptive notes" II. What to look for in trees: Balance Single trees Trees in masses In groups Composition III. "Balance of dark spaces with light, and of large masses with small" Weight of masses and delicacy Trees seen near and far off IV. Trees seen against the sky Patterns formed by sky apertures V. The outline of a tree VI. Lines of the branches Curves Straight lines and elbows VII. Variety in light and shade Variety in colour Some causes of this VIII. Influence of situation How trees adapt themselves to it "Effect of age, wind, frost, and snow" Moonlight IX. Associations connected with trees PART II THE ANATOMY OF A TREE X. Introductory XI. Outline forms of trees A short comparison of some species XII. The likeness between twig and bough The difference between shoot and twig The arrangement of buds on the shoot: (1) opposite buds (2) buds arranged singly (3) buds crowded in groups XIII. The effects produced on the branch anatomy of a tree by (1) "opposite buds, the constant failure of buds" (2) (a) buds arranged singly in two rows (2) (b) in three or more rows (3) (c) buds clustered in groups Twigs arrested in growth Additional buds Different branch systems of young and old trees XIV. How a tree is built up PART III THE DETAILS OF TREES XV. Introductory XVI. Leaves How they are set on the twigs: (a) right-angled pairs (b) arranged singly in two rows (c) in more than two rows (d) leaves clustered The position of old and young leaves Leaf-stalks and how leaves are set on the twigs Durtion of leaves XVII. Leaves (continued) Forms of young leaves Texture of leaves Their colour Leaf patterns The margin The veins The planes of a leaf XVIII. Flowers The way flowers are arranged : (1) " Indefinite " (2) " Definite " inflorescence" " Raceme" " catkin," " capitum," " corymb," " umbel," " cyme " XIX. Flowers (continued) "Shapes of flowers: " complete," " incomplete," " male," " female," " bisexual," " unisexual " "Trees that are " mon/cious," " di/cious," " tri/cious," " polygamous" The construction of flowers XX. Fruits Winged fruits "Cones: " drupe," " pome," " nut," " berry " Construction of fruits XXI. Lesser details: Stipules Bracts Buds Scales Spines Seedlings The bard APPENDIX-The Distribution of Trees in Europe BIBLIOGRAPHY INDEX TO DRAWINGS BY THE AUTHOR to the Pictures reproduced in this Volume to Letterpress