Table of Contents

Lectures.- 1 Course Roadmap and Historical Perspective.- 2 Strings and Sets.- 3 Finite Automata and Regular Sets.- 4 More on Regular Sets.- 5 Nondeterministic Finite Automata.- 6 The Subset Construction.- 7 Pattern Matching.- 8 Pattern Matching and Regular Expressions.- 9 Regular Expressions and Finite Automata.- A Kleene Algebra and Regular Expressions.- 10 Homomorphisms.- 11 Limitations of Finite Automata.- 12 Using the Pumping Lemma.- 13 DFA State Minimization.- 14 A Minimization Algorithm.- 15 Myhill—Nerode Relations.- 16 The Myhill—Nerode Theorem.- B Collapsing Nondeterministic Automata.- C Automata on Terms.- D The Myhill—Nerode Theorem for Term Automata.- 17 Two-Way Finite Automata.- 18 2DFAs and Regular Sets.- 19 Context-Free Grammars and Languages.- 20 Balanced Parentheses.- 21 Normal Forms.- 22 The Pumping Lemma for CFLs.- 23 Pushdown Automata.- E Final State Versus Empty Stack.- 24 PDAs and CFGs.- 25 Simulating NPDAs by CFGs.- F Deterministic Pushdown Automata.- 26 Parsing.- 27 The Cocke—Kasami—Younger Algorithm.- G The Chomsky—Schützenberger Theorem.- H Parikh’s Theorem.- 28 Turing Machines and Effective Computability.- 29 More on Turing Machines.- 30 Equivalent Models.- 31 Universal Machines and Diagonalization.- 32 Decidable and Undecidable Problems.- 33 Reduction.- 34 Rice’s Theorem.- 35 Undecidable Problems About CFLs.- 36 Other Formalisms.- 37 The a-Calculus.- I While Programs.- J Beyond Undecidability.- 38 Gödel’s Incompleteness Theorem.- 39 Proof of the Incompleteness Theorem.- K Gödel’s Proof.- Exercises.- Homework Sets.- Homework 1.- Homework 2.- Homework 3.- Homework 4.- Homework 5.- Homework 6.- Homework 7.- Homework 8.- Homework 9.- Homework 10.- Homework 11.- Homework 12.- Miscellaneous Exercises.- Finite Automata andRegular Sets.- Pushdown Automata and Context-Free Languages.- Turing Machines and Effective Computability.- Hints and Solutions.- Hints for Selected Miscellaneous Exercises.- Solutions to Selected Miscellaneous Exercises.- References.- Notation and Abbreviations.

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