Preface; 1. A brief history of medicine and statistics; 2. What is evidence based?; 3. Causation; 4. The medical literature: an overview; 5. Searching the medical literature; 6. Study design and strength of evidence; 7. Instruments and measurements: precision and validity; 8. Sources of bias; 9. Review of basic statistics; 10. Hypothesis testing; 11. Type I errors and number needed to treat; 12. Negative studies and type II errors; 13. Risk assessment; 14. Multivariate analysis; 15. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs); 16. Scientific integrity and the responsible conduct of research; 17. Applicability and strength of evidence; 18. An overview of decision making in medicine; 19. Sources of error in the clinical encounter; 20. The use of diagnostic tests; 21. Utility and characteristics of diagnostic tests: likelihood ratios, sensitivity and specificity; 22. Bayes' theorem, predictive values, post test probabilities and interval likelihood ratios; 23. Comparing tests and using ROC curves; 24. Incremental gain and the threshold approach to diagnostic testing; 25. Sources of bias and critical appraisal of studies of diagnostic tests; 26. Screening tests; 27. Practice guidelines and clinical prediction rules; 28. Decision analysis; 29. Cost effective analysis; 30. Outcome analysis; 31. Meta-analysis; Appendix 1. Common medical journals; Appendix 2. Glossary; Appendix 3. Bibliography; Appendix 4. Levels of evidence and grades of recommendations; Appendix 5. Overview of critical appraisal; Appendix 6. Common statistical tests; Appendix 7. Useful Web sites; Appendix 8. Formulae; Appendix 9. Proof of Bayes' Theorem; Appendix 10. Balance sheet approach to calculating threshold values; Index.
This is an ideal introductory text on EBM for medical students and all health-care professionals.
Dr. Mayer is a Professor of Emergency Medicine and the Theme Leader of the Evidence Based Health Care course at Albany Medical College in Albany, New York. He has been practising emergency medicine for twenty-four years. For the last 10 years he has developed and taught a required four-year course called Evidence Based Health Care at Albany Medical College. He has been a tutor at Evidence Based Health Care seminars around the world and has spoken frequently about teaching Evidence Based Medicine to educators, medical school faculty, undergraduate medical students, and residents at conferences internationally and in the USA.
'... highly accurate, and easy to read textbook about EBM, suitable for all lifelong learners of medicine. Modestly titled 'Essential,' it contains much more than the essentials. It contains-and conveys-true understanding.' bmj.com 'Everything is covered, and having mastered this, students will know a lot. Yet the skill in teaching shines through. ... So it can be used in a variety of ways. I will use it as a reference text for epidemiology and statistics, and use some of the clinical examples. I think I will also make use of the assessment CD to design material for our students. Others could use it as a self-contained text to learn the introductory skills on their own. It is certainly up to that.' Statistics in Medicine 'The author is an EBM expert who provides an excellent overview and practical approach to the topic. the book includes a history of medicine and statistics and a thought provoking essay on what constitutions EBM. Several chapters are dedicated to topics that would normally require reading in additional textbooks, thereby making this an all-in-one resource ... the text is well organised and offers comprehensive information on EBM.' EBM Online
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