About the Author

Joyce J. Fitzpatrick, PhD, MBA, RN, FAAN, is Elizabeth Brooks Ford Professor of Nursing, Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, where she was Dean from 1982 through 1997. She is also Professor, Department of Geriatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY. In 1990, Dr. Fitzpatrick received an honorary doctorate, Doctor of Humane Letters, from her alma mater, Georgetown University. In 2011 she received an honorary doctorate, Doctor of Humane Letters, from the Frontier University of Nursing. She has received numerous honors and awards; she was elected a Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing in 1981 and a Fellow in the National Academies of Practice in 1996. She received the American Journal of Nursing Book of the Year Award 18 times. Dr. Fitzpatrick is widely published in nursing and health care literature with over 300 publications. She served as co-editor of the Annual Review of Nursing Research series, vols. 1-26; she edits the journals Applied Nursing Research, Archives in Psychiatric Nursing, and Nursing Education Perspectives, the official journal of the National League for Nursing. She edited three editions of the classic Encyclopedia of Nursing Research (ENR), and a series of nursing research digests

Celeste M. Alfes, DNP, MSN, MBA, RN, CNE, CHSE-A, FAAN, is professor and assistant dean of academic affairs at the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) in Cleveland, Ohio. She earned a BSN (University of Akron), a MSN (University of Akron), a DNP (CWRU), and an MBA from CWRU. Dr. Alfes has 33 years of experience as a nurse educator and has made significant contributions pioneering simulation training including the development of North America's first high-fidelity helicopter simulator adapted for flight nurse training. Dr. Alfes is a fellow in the American Academy of Nursing; a Fulbright Specialist at the University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy; an Inaugural Coldiron Fellow, Marian K. Shaughnessy Nurse Leadership Academy (MKSNLA), American Organization for Nursing Leadership, American Nurses Association, and Healthcare Financial Management Association; a member of the MKSNLA Founders Circle; a recent visiting professor at the University of L'Aquila, Italy, and Aichi Medical University, Japan; and a National League for Nursing simulation leader and consultant. Dr. Alfes is a reviewer for the National Science Foundation and a regular contributor to the journals Nurse Leader, Nursing Education Perspectives, and Clinical Simulation in Nursing. Dr. Alfes has published several books with Springer Publishing Company including Clinical Simulations for the Advanced Practice Nurse (2020), Strategies for Teaching Nursing (2020), and the Guide to Mastery in Clinical Nursing (2019) series.

Ronald L. Hickman, Jr., PhD, RN, ACNP-BC, FNAP, FAAN, is an associate professor and a board-certified acute care nurse practitioner at Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing, Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) in Cleveland, Ohio.