Preface xiii
Notation and Abbreviations xv
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 From the Metal Column to the Structural System 1
1.2 Scope and Summary of the Guide 2
1.3 Mechanical Properties of Structural Metals 3
1.4 Definitions 5
1.5 Postbuckling Behavior 8
1.6 Credits for the Chapters in the Sixth Edition of the SSRC Guide 9
References 11
Chapter 2 Stability Theory 12
2.1 Introduction 12
2.2 Bifurcation Buckling 13
2.3 Limit-Load Buckling 20
References 22
Chapter 3 Centrally Loaded Columns 23
3.1 Introduction 23
3.2 Column Strength 25
3.3 Influence of Imperfections 29
3.4 Influence of End Restraint 44
3.5 Strength Criteria for Steel Columns 52
3.6 Aluminum Columns 63
3.7 Stainless Steel Columns 79
3.8 Tapered Columns 85
3.9 Built-Up Columns 90
3.10 Stepped Columns 104
3.11 Guyed Towers 109
References 114
Chapter 4 Plates 128
4.1 Introduction 128
4.2 Elastic Local Buckling of Flat Plates 130
4.3 Inelastic Buckling, Postbuckling, and Strength of Flat Plates 145
4.4 Buckling, Postbuckling, and Strength of Stiffened Plates 163
4.5 Buckling of Orthotropic Plates 180
4.6 Interaction between Plate Elements 188
References 193
Chapter 5 Beams 205
5.1 Introduction 205
5.2 Elastic Lateral–Torsional Buckling, Prismatic I-Section Members 208
5.3 Fundamental Comparison of Design Standards, Prismatic I-Section Members 232
5.4 Stepped, Variable Web Depth and Other Nonprismatic I-Section Members 236
5.5 Continuous-Span Composite I-Section Members 240
5.6 Beams with Other Cross-Sectional Types 242
5.7 Design for Inelastic Deformation Capacity 243
5.8 Concluding Remarks 246
References 247
Chapter 6 Plate Girders 257
6.1 Introduction 257
6.2 Preliminary Sizing 259
6.3 Web Buckling as a Basis for Design 261
6.4 Shear Strength of Plate Girders 262
6.5 Girders with No Intermediate Stiffeners 274
6.6 Steel Plate Shear Walls 275
6.7 Bending Strength of Plate Girders 277
6.8 Combined Bending and Shear 280
6.9 Plate Girders with Longitudinal Stiffeners 283
6.10 End Panels 290
6.11 Design of Stiffeners 290
6.12 Panels under Edge Loading 293
6.13 Fatigue 305
6.14 Design Principles and Philosophies 305
6.15 Girders with Corrugated Webs 306
6.16 Research Needs 311
References 312
Chapter 7 Box Girders 321
7.1 Introduction 321
7.2 Bases of Design 323
7.3 Buckling of Wide Flanges 326
7.4 Bending Strength of Box Girders 344
7.5 Nominal Shear Strength of Box Girders 345
7.6 Strength of Box Girders under Combined Bending, Compression, and Shear 348
7.7 Influence of Torsion on Strength of Box Girders 353
7.8 Diaphragms 353
7.9 Top-Flange Lateral Bracing of Quasi-Closed Sections 365
7.10 Research Needs 367
References 368
Chapter 8 Beam-Columns 371
8.1 Introduction 371
8.2 Strength of Beam-Columns 373
8.3 Uniaxial Bending: In-Plane Strength 375
8.4 Uniaxial Bending: Lateral–Torsional Buckling 386
8.5 Equivalent Uniform Moment Factor 392
8.6 Biaxial Bending 394
8.7 Special Topics 404
References 405
Chapter 9 Horizontally Curved Steel Girders 413
9.1 Introduction 413
9.2 Historical Review 414
9.3 Fabrication and Construction 416
9.4 Analysis Methods 421
9.5 Stability of Curved I-Girders 423
9.6 Stability of Curved Box Girders 440
9.7 Concluding Remarks 442
References 442
Chapter 10 Composite Columns and Structural Systems 456
10.1 Introduction 456
10.2 U.S.–Japan Research Program 460
10.3 Cross-Sectional Strength of Composite Sections 467
10.4 Other Considerations for Cross-Sectional Strength 471
10.5 Length Effects 473
10.6 Force Transfer between Concrete and Steel 474
10.7 Design Approaches 478
10.8 Structural Systems and Connections for Composite and Hybrid Structures 484
10.9 Summary 486
References 486
Chapter 11 Stability of Angle Members 493
11.1 Introduction 493
11.2 Review of Experimental and Analytical Research 494
11.3 Single-Angle Compression Members 501
11.4 Current Industry Practice for Hot-Rolled Single-Angle Members in the United States 507
11.5 Design Criteria for Hot-Rolled Angle Columns in Europe, Australia, and Japan 511
11.6 Design of Axially Loaded Cold-Formed Single Angles 512
11.7 Concluding Remarks on the Compressive Strength of Eccentrically Loaded Single-Angle Members 514
11.8 Multiple Angles in Compression 514
11.9 Angles in Flexure 522
References 526
Chapter 12 Bracing 531
12.1 Introduction 531
12.2 Background 533
12.3 Safety Factors, φ Factors, and Definitions 536
12.4 Relative Braces for Columns or Frames 537
12.5 Discrete Bracing Systems for Columns 538
12.6 Continuous Column Bracing 541
12.7 Lean-on Systems 542
12.8 Columns Braced on One Flange 544
12.9 Beam Buckling and Bracing 545
12.10 Beam Bracing 546
References 553
Chapter 13 Thin-Walled Metal Construction 556
13.1 Introduction 556
13.2 Member Stability Modes (Elastic) 557
13.3 Effective Width Member Design 571
13.4 Direct Strength Member Design 581
13.5 Additional Design Considerations 596
13.6 Structural Assemblies 599
13.7 Stainless Steel Structural Members 604
13.8 Aluminum Structural Members 606
13.9 Torsional Buckling 610
References 611
Chapter 14 Circular Tubes and Shells 626
14.1 Introduction 626
14.2 Description of Buckling Behavior 629
14.3 Unstiffened or Heavy-Ring-Stiffened Cylinders 631
14.4 General Instability of Ring-Stiffened Cylinders 651
14.5 Stringer- or Ring-and-Stringer-Stiffened Cylinders 658
14.6 Effects on Column Buckling 660
14.7 Cylinders Subjected to Combined Loadings 664
14.8 Strength and Behavior of Damaged and Repaired Tubular Columns 669
References 669
Chapter 15 Members with Elastic Lateral Restraints 678
15.1 Introduction 678
15.2 Buckling of the Compression Chord 679
15.3 Effect of Secondary Factors on Buckling Load 685
15.4 Top-Chord Stresses due to Bending of Floor Beams and to Initial Chord Eccentricities 686
15.5 Design Example 686
15.6 Plate Girder with Elastically Braced Compression Flange 689
15.7 Guyed Towers 689
References 690
Chapter 16 Frame Stability 692
16.1 Introduction 692
16.2 Methods of Analysis 693
16.3 Frame Behavior 705
16.4 Frame Stability Assessment Using Second-Order Analysis 724
16.5 Overview of Current Code Provisions 741
16.6 Structural Integrity and Disproportionate Collapse Resistance 748
16.7 Concluding Remarks 753
References 754
Chapter 17 Arches 762
17.1 Introduction 762
17.2 In-Plane Stability of Arches 764
17.3 Out-of-Plane Stability of Arches 782
17.4 Braced Arches and Requirements for Bracing Systems 792
17.5 Ultimate Strength of Steel Arch Bridges 798
References 802
Chapter 18 Doubly Curved Shells and Shell-Like Structures 807
18.1 Introduction 807
18.2 The Basic Problem 810
18.3 Finite Element Method 814
18.4 Design Codes 816
18.5 Design Aids 818
18.6 Reticulated Shells 819
18.7 Design Trends and Research Needs 821
References 821
Chapter 19 Stability Under Seismic Loading 824
19.1 Introduction 824
19.2 Design for Local and Member Stability 831
19.3 Global System Stability (P−Δ Effects) 882
References 910
Chapter 20 Stability Analysis by the Finite Element Method 933
20.1 Introduction 933
20.2 Nonlinear Analysis 940
20.3 Linearized Eigenvalue Buckling Analysis 943
References 956
Appendix A General References on Structural Stability 959
Appendix B Technical Memoranda of Structural Stability Research Council 963
B.1 Technical Memorandum No. 1: The Basic Column Formula 963
B.2 Technical Memorandum No. 2: Notes on the Compression Testing of Metals 965
B.3 Technical Memorandum No. 3: Stub-Column Test Procedure 970
B.4 Technical Memorandum No. 4: Procedure for Testing Centrally Loaded Columns 978
B.5 Technical Memorandum No. 5: General Principles for the Stability Design of Metal Structures 991
B.6 Technical Memorandum No. 6: Determination of Residual Stresses 993
B.7 Technical Memorandum No. 7: Tension Testing 1002
B.8 Technical Memorandum No. 8: Standard Methods and Definitions for Tests for Static Yield Stress 1006
B.9 Technical Memorandum No. 9: Flexural Testing 1013
B.10 Technical Memorandum No. 10: Statistical Evaluation of Test Data for Limit States Design 1021
References 1027
Appendix C Structural Stability Research Council 1030
Name Index 1035
Subject Index 1057
Ronald D. Ziemian, PhD, PE, professor of civil engineering at Bucknell University, was the recipient of the 2006 AISC Special Achievement Award and the 1992 ASCE Norman Medal for his work in advancing the use of nonlinear analysis in the stability design of steel structures. He is the coauthor of Matrix Structural Analysis, Second Edition (also from Wiley), chairs the SSRC Executive Committee and the AISC Task Committee 10 on Frame Stability, and further serves on the AISC and Aluminum Association specification committees.
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