Table of Contents

Preface: A new approach to urban conservation vii

Acknowledgements xxi

Abbreviations and Acronyms xxiii

1. Urban Conservation: Short History of a Modern Idea 1

The Origins of Urban Conservation: Between Engineering and Romanticism 1

The Historic City as Heritage 10

Fracture: the Modern Movement versus the Historic City 15

Out of Modernism: New Approaches to Urban Conservation 23

2. Urban Conservation as International Public Policy 37

Urban Conservation Policies after the Second World War 37

Urban Conservation in International Charters and Standard-Setting Instruments 39

Regional Charters 50

Rethinking Urban Conservation 61

Towards a New Urban Conservation Paradigm 65

The Historic Urban Landscape Approach 72

3. The Changing Context of Urban Heritage Management 75

Introducing External and Internal Forces of Change 75

Exponential Increase in Urbanisation on a Global Scale 76

Environmental Concerns and the Sustainability of Urban Development 81

The Impact of Climate Change 89

The Changing Role of Cities as Drivers of Development 93

The Emergence of the Tourism Industry 99

Broadening Perceptions and Urban Heritage Values 105

The Management of Change 108

4. New Actors and Approaches to Urban Heritage Management 113

The Contemporary Context of Urban Heritage Management 113

The Emergence of a New Urban Strategy 114

Urban Strategies of International Institutions 134

5. Expanding the Toolkit for Management of the Urban Environment 143

Urban Heritage Management: Actors and Tools 143

Regulatory Systems 145

Community Engagement Tools 154

Technical Tools 159

Financial Tools 171

6. The Historic Urban Landscape: Preserving Heritage in an Urban Century 175

The Historic City Meets Globalisation 175

The Contemporary Reflection on the City 182

Integrating Heritage Conservation and Urban Development 186

Historic Urban Landscape: a Tool for the Management of Change 188

Epilogue 191

Annex 1. Note on the Development of the Historic Urban Landscape Approach 195

Annex 2. The 2005 Vienna Memorandum 203

Annex 3. The UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape 209

Bibliography 217

Index 229

About the Author

Francesco Bandarin is the Assistant Director-General forCulture of UNESCO, formerly the Director of the UNESCO WorldHeritage Centre and the Secretary of the World Heritage Committee.He is trained as an Architect (Venice 1975) and Urban Planner (UCBerkeley 1977) and has pursued an academic career as Professor ofUrban Planning at the University of Venice (IUAV) and aprofessional career as consultant for international organizationsin the field of urban conservation and development. He has beenactively involved in the Venice Safeguarding Project and in thepreparation of Rome for the year 2000 Jubilee. As Director of theWorld Heritage Centre he has promoted the revision of the UNESCOrecommendation on historic cities and has contributed todevelopment of the debate on the role of contemporary architecturein historic cities, on the management of their social and physicalchanges and on the role of communities in the conservation ofhistoric values. Ron van Oers is Vice Director, World Heritage Instituteof Training and Research for Asia and the Pacific (WHITRAP). He wasformerly Programme Specialist for Culture at the UNESCO WorldHeritage Centre, coordinating the World Heritage Cities Programmeand the international effort to develop new guidelines for urbanconservation, which were adopted as the 2011 Recommendation on theHistoric Urban Landscape. He is trained as an Urban Planner (Delft1993) and received his doctorate (PhD, Delft 2000) on a researchinto the principles of Dutch colonial town planning (published asbook). He is the Founding Editor (together with Dr. AnaPereira-Roders) of the Journal of Cultural Heritage Managementand Sustainable Development (JCHMSD), published by EmeraldGroup Publishing (UK) and a Member of the Editorial Advisory Boardof Change Over Time: International Journal ofConservation and the Built Environment, published by PennPress, University of Pennsylvania s School of Design(USA).

Reviews

"But for the time being, we can dispassionately recommend that this book becomes the manual not only of professional planners, conservation officers and managers of heritage sites worldwide, but also of academics and students, of landscape designers, architects and engineers and of everyone involved in urban conservation and management, because there is no target audience for a book that is at the same time militant and historical." ("Planning Perspectives", 11 March 2013)"This is an important book, destined one hopes to be essential reading for those involved in urban conservation globally: scholars, practitioners, managers, students." ("Landscape Research Journal", 2012)

"This is an important book, destined one hopes to be essential reading for those involved in urban conservation globally: scholars, practitioners, managers, students." ("Landscape Research Journal", 2012)