Table of Contents

1. Introduction: Multilingual approaches for teaching and learning Part 1: Multilingual approaches in early childhood education and primary school 2. Translanguaging pedagogies in early childhood education in Luxembourg: theory into practice 3. Multilingual teaching practices in primary classrooms in Germany: language comparisons 4. What is effective pedagogy for multilingual learners? Observations of teaching that challenges inequity. The OPETAN project in England Part 2: Multilingual approaches in secondary school 5. Multilingual interaction in secondary education in the Netherlands: multilingualism to learn or learning to act multilingually? 6. Intercomprehension in the mainstream language classroom at secondary school level: how online multilingual interaction fosters foreign language learning 7. Research on intercomprehension in Germany: from theory to school practice and vice versa 8. Multilingual assessment: beliefs and practices of geography teachers Part 3: Actors and factors influencing the implementation of multilingual approaches 9. Exploring the partnership between language minority parents and professionals in early childhood education and care. A systematic review 10. Parental cooperation in early childhood education in Germany – bridging language barriers in multilingual settings 11. Language policy, professional development and sustainability of multilingual approaches

About the Author

Claudine Kirsch is Associate Professor at the University of Luxembourg in the Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences.

Joana Duarte is Assistant Professor at the University of Groningen in the Faculty of Arts and Professor at the NHL Stenden University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands.