Table of Contents

Introduction: What is Philosophy? THE ANCIENT WORLD. Thales of Melitus. Anaximander. Siddhartha Gautama, the Buddha. Confucius. Heraclitus. Parmenides. Lao-tzu. Zeno of Elea. Socrates. Democritus. Plato. Aristotle. Epicurus. Marcus Aurelius. Sextus Empiricus. Tertullian. Origen. Plotinus. St Augustine. THE MIDDLE AGES. Avicenna. St Anselm of Canterbury. Peter Abelard. Averroes. Moses Maimonides. St Thomas Aquinas. John Duns Scotus. William of Ockham. THE EARLY MODERN ERA. Niccolo Machiavelli. Michel de Montaigne. Sir Francis Bacon. Thomas Hobbes. Rene Descartes. Blaise Pascal. Baruch Spinoza. John Locke. Gottfried Leibniz. George Berkeley. Voltaire. David Hume. Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Adam Smith. Immanuel Kant. Edmund Burke. Thomas Paine. Jeremy Bentham. Mary Wollstonecraft. THE MODERN ERA. Johann Gottlieb Fichte. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. James Mill. Arthur Schopenhauer. Alexis de Tocqueville. John Stuart Mill. Soren Kierkegaard. Karl Marx. Friedrich Engels. Henry Sidgwick. Charles Sanders Pierce. William James. Friedrich Nietzsche. Gottlob Frege. Emile Durkheim. Edmund Husserl. John Dewey. Henri Louis Bergson. Alfred North Whitehead. George Santayana. Max Weber. J.M.E. McTaggart. Bertrand Russell. G.E. Moore. Ludwig Wittgenstein. Martin Heidegger. Rudolf Carnap. THE POST-MODERN ERA. Max Horkheimer. Herbert Marcuse. Gilbert Ryle. Hans-Georg Gadamer. Jacques Lacan. Karl Popper. Jean-Paul Sartre. Ayn Rand. Hannah Arendt. Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Simone de Beauvoir. Willard Van Orman Quine. Claude Levi-Strauss. Simone Weil. A.J. Ayer. Alan Turing. Donald Davidson. Peter Strawson. John Rawls. Thomas Kuhn. Paul Feyerabend. Michel Foucault. Noam Chomsky. Bernard Williams. Jacques Derrida. Robert Nozick. Saul Kripke. Glossary. Index. Acknowledgements.

About the Author

Jeremy Harwood has written widely on many historical topics, ranging from key developments in human thought to history's unresolved mysteries. Among his recent books are five volumes surveying the political and social history of Britain from mid-Victorian times to the end of the 20th century and a study of the philosophic origins of Freemasonry.