Table of Contents

1 Introduction

2 The propagation of sound near ground surfaces in a homogeneous medium

3 Predicting effects of source characteristics

4 Numerical methods based on time-domain approaches

5 Predicting the acoustical properties of ground surfaces

6 Measurements of the acoustical properties of ground surfaces and comparisons with models

7 Influence of source motion on ground effect and diffraction

8 Predicting effects of mixed impedance ground

9 Predicting the performance of outdoor noise barriers

10 Predicting effects of vegetation, trees and turbulence

11 Ray tracing, analytical and semi-empirical approximations for a-weighted levels

12 Engineering models

About the Author

Keith Attenborough is Professor in Acoustics at the Open University, a former Editor-in-Chief of Applied Acoustics, and a former Associate Editor of the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America and Acta Acustica. He is co-author with Oleksandr Zaporozhets and Vadim Tokarev for Aircraft Noise (CRC Press, 2017), and has co-authored several chapters in Environmental Methods for Transport Noise Reduction (CRC Press, 2019). He is Chair of ANSI S1 WG20 on the measurement of outdoor ground impedance.


Timothy Van Renterghem is Associate Professor in Environmental Sound at Ghent University and holds a MSc. degree in Bioengineering (Environmental Technologies) and a PhD in Applied Physical Engineering. He is Associate Editor of　Acta Acustica, the journal of the European Acoustics Association, and Elsevier's Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. His main research interests include the impact of local meteorology on sound propagation outdoors, green noise reducing measures, and urban sound propagation with a strong focus on (detailed) numerical modelling.