Table of Contents

Section 1. Epidemiology and pathophysiology
1. Anatomy of upper airway
2. Regulation of upper airway during sleep
3. Socioeconomic disparities in pediatric sleep disordered breathing
4. Cerebral oxygenation in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
5. Genetics of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
6. Neurobehavioral outcomes of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
7. Quality of life outcomes of pediatric obstructie sleep apnea
8. Cardiovascular complications of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
9. Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: high-risk groups
10. Growth and development in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea

Section 2. Evaluation
11. Symptoms and signs of upper airway obstruction
12. Polysomnography for evalution of upper airway obstruction
13. Imaging upper airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea
14. PEdiatric drug-induced sleep endoscopy
15. Questionnaires for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
16. Technology applications for detection of upper airway obstructive

Section 3. Management
17. Adenotonsillectomy
18. Surgical management of obstructive sleep apnea following adenotonsillectomy
19. Maxillofacial procedures
20. Positional therapy for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
21. Orofacial myofunctional therapy for pediatric sleep disordered breathing
22. Antiinflamatory therapy for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
23. Positive airway pressure therapy for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea
24. Clinical guidelines for the management of pediatric obstructie sleep apnea
25. Comorbid asthma in children with pediatric obstructive sleep apnea

Section 4. Special cases/controversies
26. Obstructive sleep apnea in infancy: evaluation and management
27. Obstructive sleep apnea and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
28. Home sleep studies
29. Severe, very severe, and extreme obstructive sleep apnea: principles of management
30. Sleep-related hypoxemia in children
31. Obstructive sleep apnea in children with Down syndrome
32. Obstructive sleep apnea in adolescents
33. Hypoglossal nere stimulation
34. Future directions

About the Author

Dr. Isaiah earned a medical degree in India with multiple honors and was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship to complete a DPhil (PhD) in Neuroscience at the University of Oxford. During doctoral training, he studied brain plasticity using electrophysiological, statistical, computational, and behavioral techniques. Following postdoctoral training (University of Maryland), residency in otolaryngology (University of Maryland), and a clinical fellowship in pediatric otolaryngology (UT Southwestern/Children’s Dallas), he joined the faculty at University of Maryland in 2016, rising to a full Professor in 2023. He has published widely in the domains of sleep disordered breathing (SDB), brain development, and statistical modeling and leads a laboratory funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Dr. Isaiah is interested in technology development and has a portfolio of multiple patents related to upper airway obstruction Dr. Mitchell earned his medical degree at the University of Southampton in England. He completed residencies in general surgery and otolaryngology at the Royal College of Surgeons of England and then received advanced training in pediatric otolaryngology through a fellowship at Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital in Memphis. In addition to his roles at UT Southwestern, he serves as head of the Sleep Disorders Center at Children’s Medical Center. Dr. Mitchell is the past president of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology and is actively involved in his profession’s national leadership, chairing multiple committees, including a recent task force of the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (AAOHNS) that published Clinical Practice Guideline: Tonsillectomy in Children (Update). A highly respected educator, he has delivered lectures on pediatric otolaryngology and pediatric sleep medicine across the United States and in Israel, Panama, Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico.