About the Author

C. E Spaulding, DVM, studied veterinary medicine at Michigan State University and practiced veterinary medicine for over thirty years. In addition, he owned his own farm animals, including horses, goats, poultry, pigs, and cattle. He is now deceased.

Jackie Clay is a trained veterinary field technician with over twenty years of experience. She is also a prolific writer, having authored over four books and hundreds of magazine articles. She is a regular writer for Backwoods Home Magazine, writing on animal care, gardening, canning, and rural, self-reliant living. She lives on a remote homestead in Angora, Minnesota with her family and lots of animals.