Table of Contents

Preface xi

1 The Work of the Quantity Surveyor 1

Introduction 1

A changing industry 2

Construction sectors 5

The role of the quantity surveyor 8

Skills, knowledge and understanding 13

What’s in a name? 16

Discussion topic 18

References20

Bibliography21

2 Education, Training and Employment 22

Introduction 22

Chronology of quantity surveying education 1960–2012 22

Quantity surveyors in education 25

Partnership and accreditation 26

Non-cognate disciplines 27

Vocational experience and qualifications 28

Assessment of professional competence (APC) 28

Continuing professional development (CPD) 30

Construction Industry Council (CIC) 30

Changing work patterns 31

The professions 40

Role of the RICS 44

Discussion topic 46

References48

Bibliography49

3 Organisation and Management 50

Introduction50

Staffing 50

Office organisation 52

Employer’s responsibilities 54

Public relations and marketing 58

Quality management 60

Time and cost management 62

Developing staff and skills 63

Finance and accounts 65

Discussion topic 70

References73

Bibliography73

4 The Quantity Surveyor and the Law 75

Introduction 75

The quantity surveyor and the client 75

Collateral warranties 82

Performance bonds 84

Professional indemnity insurance 85

Contracts of employment 85

Equality Act 2010 87

Discussion topic 88

References 90

Bibliography 90

5 Research and Innovation 91

Introduction 91

RICS 92

Classification of research and development 93

Research and development in the construction and property industries 94

‘Rethinking construction innovation and research’ 95

Changing role of the quantity surveyor 97y

Research and development in quantity surveying practice 98

Academic research 100

Research dissemination 101

The importance of change 102

Innovation 104

Conclusions 105

Discussion topic 106

References 109

Bibliography 109

6 Cost Control 110

Introduction 110

Project cost control 110

Cost advice 111

New rules of measurement (NRM) 112

Precontract estimating methods 113

General considerations 117

Accuracy of approximate estimates 118

Preparing the approximate estimate 119

Whole life costing 120

Value management 121

Risk analysis 121

Best value 122

Taxation122

Financial assistance for development 125

Post-contract methods 127

Discussion topic 129

References 132

Bibliography 133

7 Whole Life Costing 134

Introduction 134

Brief history 135

Government policy 136

Whole life value 136

Whole life costing applications 137

Main factors to consider 139

Targeting the major elements of costs-in-use 141

Depreciation and obsolescence in buildings 141

Long life, loose fit and low energy 142

Calculations 142

Forecasting the future 144

Whole life cost forum (WLCF) 148

Conclusions148

Discussion topic 149

References 152

Bibliography 153

8 Value Management 154

Introduction 154

Background 155

Terminology 155

When should surveyors use value management? 156

The application of value management 159

Function analysis 166

Supporting the case for value management 172

Professional development and accreditation 173

Discussion topic 174

References177

Bibliography177

9 Risk Management 179

Introduction 179

When should surveyors use risk management? 180

The application of risk management 182

Risk analysis 184

Risk registers 186

Expected monetary value (EMV) 189

Simulation (quantitative risk analysis) 189

Risk management 192

Appraisal of risk management options 195

Considerations in risk allocation 196

Merging risk management and value management opportunity? 197

Discussion topic 198

References202

Bibliography202

10 Procurement 203

Introduction 203

General matters 204

Standard forms of contract 206

Methods of price determination 207

Contractor selection and appointment 210

Procurement options 214

Contract strategy 220

Client procurement needs 221

Partnering 223

The Private Finance Initiative (PFI) 226

The role of the quantity surveyor 226

Discussion topic 227

References230

Bibliography230

11 Contract Documentation 232

Contract documents 232

Coordinated project information 233

Form of contract 235

Contract drawings 236

Schedules 237

Contract bills 237

Methods of measurement 240

Contract specification 242

Schedules of rates 242

Master programme 243

Information release schedule 243

Discrepancies in documents 243

Discussion topic 244

References246

Bibliography246

12 Preparation of Contract Bills 247

Appointment of the quantity surveyor 247

Receipt of drawings 248

Taking-off 250

Contract bills 253

Invitation to tender 256

Receipt of tenders 260

E-tendering 266

Discussion topic 268

References 270

Bibliography 270

13 Cost Management 272

Introduction 272

Valuations 273

Valuation on insolvency 286

Cost control and reporting 287

Discussion topic 291

References 294

Bibliography 294

14 Final Accounts 295

Introduction 295

Variations 296

Procedure for measurement and evaluation 298

Pricing variations 301

Provisional sums 307

Fluctuations 308

Materials 310

Completing the account 312

Audit 313

Timing and resources 315

Discussion topic 316

References319

Bibliography319

15 Insolvency 320

Introduction 320

The role of the quantity surveyor 323

Scenario 323

The role of the liquidator 324

Determination of contract (contractor insolvency) 325

Provision in the forms of contract 326

Factors to consider at insolvency 327

Completion of the contract 328

The employer’s loss 329

Expenditure involved 330

Termination of contract (employer insolvency) 331

Insolvency of the quantity surveyor or architect 332

Performance bonds 332

Discussion topic 333

References 335

Bibliography 336

16 Contractual Disputes 337

Introduction 337

Why disputes arise 338

Litigation 339

Arbitration 340

Adjudication 342

Alternative dispute resolution 343

Conclusion 345

Expert witness 346

Lay advocacy 347

Claims348

Discussion topic 355

References358

Bibliography358

17 Project Management 360

Introduction 360

Justifying project management by adding value 361

Terminology 362

Attributes of the project manager 363

Duties and responsibilities of the project manager 369

Quantity surveying skills and expertise 375

Fees 376

Education and training for the project manager 376

Discussion topic 377

References381

Bibliography381

18 Facilities Management 382

Introduction 382

The work of the facilities manager 383

Sustainability 397

Facilities management opportunities for the quantity surveyor 400

Education and training for the facilities manager 401

Discussion topic 401

References405

Bibliography405

19 Emergent Themes: Sustainability and BIM 406

Introduction 406

Background 406

Quantity surveying and sustainability 412

Zero carbon 413

Building Information Modeling (BIM) 414

BIM use within the industry 416

Discussion topic 420

References 422

Bibliography 422

Index 424

About the Author

Allan Ashworth DUniv (Hon), MSc, MRICS is a VisitingProfessor at the University of Salford and the Adjunct Professor inQuantity Surveying at UTAR in Malaysia. He is a former HMI (HerMajesty s Inspector) in the Department for Education andEmployment and the Senior Academic Advisor to the Centre forEducation in the Built Environment based at the University ofSalford. Keith Hogg BSc, PGCE was, until his recent retirement,Associate Dean (Development) in the School of the Built Environmentat Northumbria University. He worked in private practice in the UKand overseas and engaged in research and practise in areas of riskmanagement and value management. Throughout much of his career hewas closely involved with the RICS in areas of Quantity SurveyingPractice and Surveying Education. Catherine Higgs MSc, MRICS is a Senior Lecturer inQuantity Surveying and Associate Head of the Department ofConstruction and Property at the University of the West of England,Bristol. She is also a UWE Teaching Fellow with a strong interestin the pedagogy of quantity surveying practice.