Brief TOC:
I. THE PRACTICE OF INDUSTRIAL-ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY.
1. Principles, Practices, and Problems.
2. Techniques, Tools, and Tactics.
II. THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES.
3. Employee Selection Principles and Techniques.
4. Psychological Testing.
5. Performance Appraisal.
6. Training and Development.
III. ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY.
7. Leadership.
8. Motivation, Job Satisfaction, and Job Involvement.
9. The Organization of the Organization.
IV. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE WORKPLACE.
10. Working Conditions.
11. Safety, Violence, and Health in the Workplace.
12. Stress in the Workplace.
V. ENGINEERING PSYCHOLOGY.
13. Engineering Psychology.
VI. CONSUMER PSYCHOLOGY.
14. Consumer Psychology.
References.
Glossary.
Photo Credits.
Index.
____________________________________________________________
Schultz & Schultz: PSYCHOLOGY AND WORK TODAY, 10TH EDITION
CONTENTS
PREFACE
PART ONE: The Practice of Industrial-Organizational Psychology
Chapter 1: Principles, Practices, and Problems
Would You Work If You Didn’t Have To?
Newsbreak
I-O Psychology on the Job
I-O Psychology in Everyday Life
Newsbreak
What I-O Psychology Means to Your Employer
An Overview of the Development of I-O Psychology
Pioneers in Personnel Selection
World War I and the Testing Movement
The Hawthorne Studies and Motivational Issues
Newsbreak
World War II and Engineering Psychology
Later Developments in I-O Psychology
Challenges for I-O Psychology
The Virtual Workplace
Virtual Employees
Newsbreak
Worker Involvement
New Technology Requires New Skills
The Global Workplace
Newsbreak
Ethnic Diversity in the Workplace
Different Generations? Different Values
Newsbreak
Careers in I-O Psychology
Newsbreak
Practical Problems for I-O Psychologists
Fraudulent Practitioners
Credentials and Certification
Communicating with Management
Worker Resistance to New Ideas
Research or Application?
Areas of I-O Psychology
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Additional Reading
Chapter 2: Techniques, Tools, and Tactics
Why Study Psychological Research Methods?
Requirements of Psychological Research
Limitations of Psychological Research
Newsbreak
The Experimental Method
Designing an Experiment
Selecting the Subjects
A Sample Experiment: The Effects of Training Conditions on Turnover and Productivity
The Naturalistic Observation Method
A Sample Controlled Observation: The Friendly Behaviors of Convenience Store Clerks
Surveys and Public Opinion Polls
Newsbreak
Interviews
Paper-and-Pencil Questionnaires
Newsbreak
Web-Based Surveys
Telephone Surveys
Newsbreak
Survey Questions
Sampling Methods
Employees Attitudes toward Surveys
Virtual Laboratories: Web-Based Research
Analyzing Research Data
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Additional Reading
PART TWO: The Development of Human Resources
Chapter 3: Employee Selection Principles and Techniques
What’s Your Ideal Job?
The Recruitment Process
Sources for Recruiting
Recruiter Characteristics
On-Campus Recruiting
Newsbreak: If the Job Sounds Too Good to be True . . .
Realistic Job Previews
An Overview of the Selection Process
Job and Worker Analyses
Recruitment Decisions
Selection Techniques
Fair Employment Practices
Adverse Impact
Reverse Discrimination
Increasing Diversity at Work
Newsbreak: Are We Still at the Back of the Bus?
Other Targets of Discrimination
Job and Work Analysis
Biographical Information
Application Blanks
Newsbreak: How Not to Get Hired, Part 3: Prooof-read Your Resume.
Biodata Inventories
Interviews
Making a Good Impression
Newsbreak: How Not to Get Hired, Part 4: Are You Having Fun Yet?
Unstructured Interviews
Structured Interviews
Situational Interviews
Puzzle Interviews
Online Interviews
The Interviewer’s Judgments
References and Letters of Recommendation
Newsbreak: Recommendation Letters: What if the Employee is a Nutcase?
Assessment Centers
The In-Basket Technique
Leaderless Group Discussions
Predictive Validity of Assessment Centers
Attitudes toward Assessment Centers
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Additional Reading
Chapter 4: Psychological TestingCharacteristics of Psychological Tests
Standardization
Objectivity
Test Norms
Newsbreak
Reliability
Validity
Newsbreak
Fair Employment Practices
Overview of a Testing Program
Newsbreak
Types of Psychological Tests
Individual and Group Tests
Computerized Adaptive Tests
Speed and Power Tests
What Do Tests Measure?
Cognitive Abilities
Newsbreak
Interests
Aptitudes
Personality
Honesty
Situational Judgment
Problems with Using Psychological Tests
Ethical and Privacy Issues
Newsbreak
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Additional Reading
Chapter 5: Performance AppraisalFair Employment Practices
Performance Appraisal: Why Do It?
Opposition to Performance Appraisal
Newsbreak
Objective Performance Appraisal Techniques
Output Measures
Computerized Performance Monitoring
Newsbreak
Job-Related Personal Data
Subjective, or Judgmental, Performance Appraisal Techniques
Written Narratives
Merit Rating Techniques
Management by Objectives (MBO)
Performance Appraisal Methods for Managers
Evaluation Techniques
Newsbreak
360-Degree Feedback
Sources of Bias in Performance Appraisal
The Halo Effect
Other Sources of Error
Newsbreak
Ways to Improve Performance Appraisals
The Post-Appraisal Interview
Performance Appraisal: A Poor Rating?
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Additional Reading
Chapter 6: Training and DevelopmentThe Scope of Organizational Training
Newsbreak
Goals of Organizational Training
Staffing for Organizational Training
The Pre-Training Environment
How People Learn: Psychological Issues
Newsbreak
Types of Training Programs
On-the-Job Training
Vestibule Training
Apprenticeship
Computer-Assisted Instruction
Net-Based Training
Newsbreak
Behavior Modification
Job Rotation
Case Studies
Business Games
In-Basket Training
Role Playing
Behavior Modeling
Newsbreak
Executive Coaching
Diversity Training
Career Development and Planning
Career Self-Management
Newsbreak
Evaluating Organizational Training Programs
Summary
Key Terms
Discussion Questions
Additional Reading
PART THREE: Organizational Psychology
Chapter 7: Leadership
The Quality of Modern Leadership
Newsbreak
Scientific Management
The Human Relations Approach to Leadership
Theory X and Theory Y
Leadership Theories
Contingency Theory
Path-Goal Theory
The Leader-Member Exchange
Newsbreak
Implicit Leadership Theory
Leadership Styles
Authoritarian and Democratic Leaders
Transactional and Transformational Leaders
Charismatic Leaders
The Role of Power
Types of Power
Uses of Power
The Role of Expectations
Leadership Functions
The Consideration Dimension
The Initiating Structure Dimension
Newsbreak
Characteristics of Successful Leaders
First-Line Supervisors
Managers and Executives
Pressures and Problems of Leaders
First-Line Supervisors
Managers and Executives
Diversity Issues in Management: Challenges for Women, Blacks, and Other Groups
Newsbreak
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Additional Reading
Chapter 8: Motivation, Job Satisfaction, and Job Involvement
Content Theories of Motivation
Achievement Motivation Theory
Needs Hierarchy Theory
Motivator-Hygiene (Two-Factor) Theory
Job-Characteristics Theory
Process Theories of Motivation
Newsbreak
Valence-Instrumentality-Expectancy (VIE) Theory
Equity Theory
Goal-Setting Theory
Job Satisfaction: The Quality of Life at Work
Measuring Job Satisfaction
Job Satisfaction Polling Data
Personal Characteristics and Job Satisfaction
The Impact of Unemployment
Newsbreak
Job Satisfaction and On-the-Job Behavior
The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Pay
Perceived Pay Equity
Merit Pay
Newsbreak
Wage-Incentive Pay Systems
Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment
Personal Factors
Organizational Factors
Types of Commitment
Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Additional Reading
Chapter 9: The Organization of the OrganizationThe Bureaucratic Organizations of the Past
High-Involvement Management and Employee Participation
Newsbreak
Total Quality Management
Success or Failure?
Self-Managing Work Teams
Virtual Self-Managing Work Teams
Newsbreak
Organizational Change
Organizational Development (OD)
Socialization of New Employees
Re-Socialization Due to Job Changes
Organizational Culture
Person-Organization Fit
Newsbreak
Labor Unions
The Grievance Process
Informal Groups: The Organization within the Organization
The Classic Hawthorne Studies
Social Loafing
Group Cohesiveness
Technological Change and Organizational Structure
Formalization of the Workplace
Virtual Meetings
Loss of Group Cohesiveness
Excessive Internet Use
Newsbreak
Electronic Monitoring
Newsbreak
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Additional Reading
PART FOUR: Characteristics of the Workplace
Chapter 10: Working Conditions
Physical Working Conditions
Newsbreak
Work Sites
Office and Workplace Design
Environmental Psychology: Landscaped Offices and Cubicles
Newsbreak
Lighting
Noise
Color
Newsbreak
Music
Temperature and Humidity
Work Schedules
Working Hours
Permanent Part-Time Employment
The Four-Day Workweek
Flexible Work Schedules
Newsbreak
Rest Breaks
Shift Work
Newsbreak
Psychological and Social Issues
Job Simplification
Boredom and Monotony
Physical Fatigue
Ethnic and Gender Harassment
Telecommuting
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Additional Reading
Chapter 11: Employee Safety and Health IssuesThe Scope of Work-Related Health Problems
Newsbreak
Understanding Accident Statistics
Causes of Accidents
Workplace Factors
Newsbreak
Personal Factors
Newsbreak
Accident Proneness
Newsbreak
Accident Prevention
Newsbreak
Accident Reports
Workplace Conditions
Safety Training
Management Support
Safety Publicity Campaigns and Contests
The Scope of Workplace Violence
Alcoholism in the Workplace
Effects on Job Performance
The Alcoholic Executive
Newsbreak
Rehabilitation Programs
Drug Abuse
Effects on Job Performance
Drug Screening Programs and Policies
Computer Use and Physical Health Issues
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Additional Reading
Chapter 12: Stress in the WorkplaceOccupational Health Psychology
Newsbreak
Physiological Effects of Stress
Psychosomatic Disorders
Job Satisfaction and Feelings of Control
Individual Differences in Responding to Stress
Newsbreak
Personality Factors
Type of Occupation
Sex Differences
Newsbreak
Work-Family Balance
Newsbreak
Organizational Assistance for Work-Family Conflicts
Newsbreak
Stressors in the Work Environment
Work Overload and Underload
Newsbreak
Organizational Change
Role Ambiguity and Role Conflict
Bad Bosses, Computers, and Other Stressors
Burnout
Workaholism
Stress-Management Programs
Organizational Efforts
Individual Efforts
Newsbreak
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Additional Reading
PART FIVE: Engineering Psychology
Chapter 13: Engineering Psychology
Newsbreak
The Development of Engineering Psychology
The Scope of Engineering Psychology
Newsbreak
Time-and-Motion Study
Newsbreak
Guidelines for Efficient Work
Person-Machine Systems
Allocating Functions
Automation: Reducing the Human Role
Newsbreak
The Design of Workspaces and Tools
Average Body Measurements
Seats for Work and Play
Displays: Presenting Information
Visual Displays
Newsbreak
Auditory Displays
Tactile Displays
Controls: Taking Action
Human Factors in Health Care
Human Factors in Everyday Life
Newsbreak
Human Factors and Computers
Newsbreak
Human Factors and Robots
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Additional Reading
PART SIX: Consumer Psychology
Chapter 14: Consumer Psychology
The Scope of Consumer Psychology
Research Methods in Consumer Psychology
Surveys and Public Opinion Polls
Newsbreak
Focus Groups
Newsbreak
Motivation Research
Observations of Shopping Behavior
Newsbreak
Neuromarketing
Testing Reactions to Ads
Newsbreak
The Nature and Scope of Advertising
Types of Advertising Appeals
Trademarks
Product Image
Product Packaging
Newsbreak
Sex in Ads
Effectiveness of Advertising Campaigns
Newsbreak
Web-Based Advertising
Newsbreak
Consumer Behavior and Motivation
Newsbreak
Brand Placement
Buying Habits and Brand Loyalty
Product Pricing
Targeted Advertising to Hispanics, Blacks, and Asians
Advertising to Children and Teens
Newsbreak
Advertising to the Over-50 Market
Advertising to the Gay Community
Advertising to People with Disabilities
Summary
Key Terms
Review Questions
Additional Reading
REFERENCES
GLOSSARY
CREDITS
INDEX
Duane P. Schultz is a former professor of psychology at the
University of South Florida. He has also held faculty appointments
at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Mary Washington
College of the University of Virginia (now the University of Mary
Washington), American University in Washington, D.C., and the
University of Groningen in the Netherlands.
Sydney Ellen Schultz is a writer, editor, and researcher who has
developed print and digital publications and teaching materials for
publishers, government agencies, schools, and professional
associations. She and her husband, Duane Schultz, are well regarded
as textbook authors.
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