Table of Contents

Acknowledgements
Note on Transliteration and Names
Abbreviations
Maps
Chapters
1. Introduction
Terminology
The peoples of Macedonia
Natural and unnatural demographic change
Nationalism
2. The Soil for Nationalists
The beginnings
Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great
The Romans
The Vlachs
The Albanians
The Slavs
The Jews
The Roma (Gypsies)
Seeds of controversy
3. Group Identity in the Ottoman Empire: From Millet to Nation
Islam
The Sufi tarikats
The millet system and the Muslims
The Christian millets
The Tanzimat reform movement
The Jews
4. From Berlin to Versailles: The Apple of Discord—Propaganda, Violence and War
Local uprisings
The struggle for church control and the Bulgarian advance
VMRO
The Ilinden uprising
The Greeks organise
The Great Power reform porgrammes
The Vlachs and the Romanian efforts
The Serbs
The rise of Albanian nationalism
The Turks and the CUP
The Jews
The Balkan wars
The First World War
5. The Inter-War Years: Repressiona dn Violence
Albania
Bulgaria
Greece
Yugoslavia
—Albanians
—VMRO
—Vlachs
The Comintern
6. War and Civil War
From uneasy neutrality to war
Vardar and Pirin Macedonia
—Tito and the Partisans
—The Stalin-Tito split
Aegean Macedonia
—The war
—The Vlach 'Principality'
Genocide against the Jews
The Greek civil war
7. Macedonians as the Majority
Ethnogenesis
—Language and education
—Religion
—Emigres
Relations with other ethnic groups
—The Torbeshi
—The Albanians of Macedonia
—Education and culture
—The growth of Albanian nationalism and the authorities' reaction
—Religion
—Communities apart
—Events in 1990 and 1991
—The Vlachs
—The Turks
—The Roma and assimilation
—'Egyptians'
—Bulgarians
8. Macedonians as Minorities
Albania
—Communist-isolationism
—Post-Communism
Bulgaria
—Oppression and the rise of the 'one-nation' state
—UMO Linden
—The socio-economic situation
—Other Bulgarian-Macedonian organisations
Greece
—Continued denial
—Refugees and relations between Greece, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria
—Worsening relations and the rise of Greek nationalism
9. Independent Macedonia
Political relaxation and nationalist expression in 1989 and 1990
Peaceful JNA withdrawal and gaining independence
The name issue
The threat from the north?
The church issue
The Albanian question
The Roma and 'Romanistan'
Other minority groups
The economy
External relations
Politics—democracy or 'neo-Communism'?
VMRO-DPMNE and the 'defence committees'
10. Conculsion—Whither Macedonia?
Index

About the Author

Hugh Poulton is a former researcher for Amnesty International, specializing in the Balkan countries. His publications include Top Hat, Grey Wolf and Crescent: Turkish Nationalism and the Turkish Republic and The Balkans: Minorities and States in Conflict.