Foreword - Preface - Cromwell's Foreign Policy: the Historical Assessment - The Decision-Making Apparatus: Council, Secretary, and Ambassadors - Cromwell's Approach to the 'Two Crowns', 1651-4 - The Verge of a Breach with France: July 1654-March 1655 - The 'Western Design' - Leda's Mission and the 'Vaudois Massacre' - Spain's Breach of Relations with England - 1656-England delays an Offensive Alliance with France - The French Alliance of March 1657 - England, France, and Dunkirk 1657-8 - Cromwell and the Dutch, 1653-4 - The Uneasy Peace: England and the Dutch, 1654-8 - Cromwell and the Baltic, 1654-6 - Cromwell and the Baltic, 1656-8 - Cromwell and Russia, 1653-8 - Cromwell, the City, and Trade: Venice and the Turks - The Financial Aspect of Foreign Policy - Conclusions - Notes - Bibliography - Index

About the Author

TIMOTHY VENNING is a freelance researcher and writer. He was awarded a doctorate in 1992 from King's College, London, for his work on Cromwellian diplomacy

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About the Author