Table of Contents

The Need for Pesticides and Their Pattern of Use
The Need for Pesticides
Pattern of Use
Pesticide Economics
The Formulation of Pesticides
Types of Formulation
The NonPesticidal Ingredients of Formulations
Pesticide Application Equipment
Pesticide Laws and Regulations
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
The Food Quality Protection Act
State Laws
Enforcement
The Classification of Insecticides
Classification of Insecticides
Evaluation of Toxicity
Testing Procedures
Tests with Insects
Tests with Higher Animals
Probit Analysis
Source of Variability in Dose–Response Tests
The Use of Log Dosage-Probit (LDP) Lines
Appendix 5.1: An example of probit analysis using the SAS system
The Uptake of Insecticides
Penetration of Insecticides Through the Insect Cuticle
Entry via the Mouth
Uptake via the Spiracles
The Mode of Action of Insecticides
Insecticides Affecting Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels
Insecticides Affecting Calcium Channels
Insecticides Inhibiting Acetylcholinesterase
Insecticides Interfering with GABA-gated Chloride Channels
Insecticides that Bind to Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor
Insecticides Affecting Octopamine Receptors
Insecticides Interfering with Respiration
Insecticides Acting as Alimentary Toxins
Insecticides Affecting Chitin Biosynthesis or Cuticle Sclerotization
Insecticides Acting as Juvenile Hormone Mimics
Insecticides Acting as Ecdysone Agonists, or Blocking Molting Hormone Activity
Insecticides Abrading or Disrupting Insect Cuticle
The Mode of Action of Acaricides
Principles of Pesticide Metabolism
Phase I Reactions
Phase II Reactions
Metabolic Pathways of Selected Insecticides
Species Differences and Other Phenomena Associated with the Metabolism of Xenobiotics
Species Differences in Detoxification Enzyme Activity
Effect of Age and Sex on Enzyme Activity
The Specificity of Detoxification Enzymes
Selective Toxicity
Synergism and Antagonism
Enzyme Induction
Insecticide Resistance
Insecticide Resistance
The Genetics of Resistance
Mechanisms of Resistance
Interaction Phenomena
Rate of Development of Resistance
Management of Resistance
Pesticides in the Environment
Persistence of Pesticides in Soil
Photodegradation of Pesticides
Pesticides and the Food Chain
Sublethal Effects of Pesticides on Wildlife

Reviews

"! applicable to a diversity of students from entomology, pest management and related agricultural disciplines. ! provides an updated and comprehensive introductory textbook for students of insecticide toxicology that incorporates traditional toxicological concepts, including uptake, mode of action, and principles of xenobiotic metabolism with an up-to-date cataloging of both historically important insecticide classes and novel chemistries and their mode of action. This information provides a solid foundation for developing more complex issues, such as the role of xenobiotic metabolism as it relates to selective toxicity and resistance evolution. ! presents material in an easy to read outline that is well-organized ! illustrated with many line drawings and tables providing the reader with ample opportunity to interpret data that enhances understanding of a certain topic. ! this text is a valuable basic reference for students of insecticide toxicology. ! I have recommended the text for my own course and have received positive feedback from a diversity of students." --Blair D. Siegfried, Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln