Part I. Nuclei of the human hypothalamus: cytoarchitecture,
chemoarchitecture, functional neuroanatomy, topographic
neuropathology.
1. Introduction. 1.1 Anatomical borders of the hypothalamus. 1.2
Strategic research and structure-function relationships. 1.3 The
autopsy and brain banking. 1.4 Confounding factors. 1.5 Parameters
of neuronal metabolic activity in postmortem tissue. 1.6 Fetal
hypothalamic development and adult markers of the human
hypothalamic nuclei. 2. Nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) and
diagonal band of Broca (DBB). 2.1 Anatomy. 2.2 Chemoarchitecture.
2.3 Alzheimer's disease. 2.4 Neuronal loss vs. atrophy. 2.5
Neurotrophin receptors in the NBM. 2.6 Other disorders affecting
the NBM and DBB. 3. Islands of Calleja, insulae terminalis. 4.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and pineal gland. 4.1 Circadian,
seasonal, monthly and circaseptan rhythms in the SCN. 4.2 SCN
development, birth and circadian rhythms. 4.3 Circadian and
circannual rhythms in aging and Alzheimer's disease. 4.4 The SCN in
relation to sex, reproduction and sexual orientation. 4.5 Melatonin
and its receptors. 5. Sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic
area (SDN-POA) = intermediate nucleus = interstitial nucleus of the
anterior hypothalamus (INAH-1) = preoptic nucleus. 5.1 Nomenclature
and homology to the rat SDN-POA. 5.2 Development, sexual
differentiation, aging and Alzheimer's disease. 6. Other sexual
dimorphisms. 6.1. Interstitial nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus
(INAH)-2 and -3. 6.2 Anterior commissure, the interthalamic
adhesion, corpora mamillaria and the third ventricle. 6.3 Sex
hormone receptor distribution. 7. Bed nucleus of the stria
terminalis (BST) and the septum. 7.1 The BST. 7.2 Reversed sex
differences in the BST in transsexuals. 7.3 The septum verum. 8.
Supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus (SON, PVN). 8.1 The fetal
SON, PVN in birth and development. 8.2 Colocalization of
tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH) with oxytocin and vasopressin. 8.3 The
SON and PVN in aging and Alzheimer's disease. 8.4 (a) Vasopressin
secretion in various disorders: (b) Vasopressin administration in
various disorders. 8.5 Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
neurons in the PVN. 8.6 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) neurons
in the PVN. 8.7 Other neuroactive compounds in the SON, PVN and
periventricular nucleus. 9. Ventromedial nucleus (VMN; nucleus of
Cajal). 10. Dorsomedial nucleus (DMN). 11. Infundibular nucleus
(arcuate nucleus), subventricular nucleus and median eminence. 12.
Lateral tuberal nucleus (NTL). 12.1 Chemoarchitecture and function.
12.2 The NTL in neurodegenerative diseases. 13. Tuberomamillary
complex. 13.1 Anatomy. 13.2 Neurodegenerative diseases and
schizophrenia. 13.3 Posterior hypothalamic area. 14. Lateral
hypothalamic area (LHA) and intermediate hypothalamic area (IHA).
15. Subthalamic nucleus and zona incerta. 15.1 Subthalamic nucleus.
15.2 Zona incerta. 16. Corpora mamillaria. References.
This volume is part of the Handbook of Clinical Neurology series, the world's most comprehensive source of information in neurology. Now in its third generation, the series has an unparalleled reputation for providing the latest foundational research, diagnosis, and treatment protocols essential for both basic neuroscience research and clinical neurology.
Dick Swaab (1944) earned his medical and doctoral degrees at the
University of Amsterdam, where he became involved in brain research
during his third year of medical school. He was Director of the
Netherlands Institute for Brain Research from 1978 to 2005. Since
1979 he is Professor of Neurobiology at the Medical Faculty,
University of Amsterdam.
In 1985, Dr. Swaab founded the Netherlands Brain Bank (NBB) to
serve as a source of clinically and neuropathologically
well-documented research tissue. Since its founding, the Brain Bank
has provided samples from more than 4,000 autopsies to 500 research
groups in 25 countries. He was director of the NBB until 2005.
He is Leader Research team Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Neth. Inst
for Neuroscience, an institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of
Arts and Sciences (KNAW). Swaab is also appointed for 2011-2017
Chao Kuang Piu Chair of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, P.R.
China.
His major research interests focus on, sexual differentiation of
the human brain in relation to gender identity and sexual
orientation, aging of the brain, Alzheimer’s disease, the
neurobiological basis of depression, suicide and eating disorders.
He has published over 540 papers in SCI journals, authored more
than 200 chapters in books, and edited more than 60 books. Swaab
mentored 84 PhD students from which 16 are now full professor. He
is “Companion in the Order of the Dutch Lion, bestowed by her
Royal Majesty Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands. In 2008 Swaab
obtained the Academy medal for his role in national and
international neuroscience.
Dick Swaab is author of the 2 volume monograph The Human
Hypothalamus that appeared in the Handbook of Clinical Neurology
series, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1000 pp) and the Dutch best seller We
are our Brains (450.000 copies sold), that is translated in 14
languages. A children's version of the book (You are your brains)
has also appeared in Dutch in 2013 and Russian (2014). Swaab's
H-factor is 76.
'To many neuropathologists, the human hypothalamus may be nothing more than a few ml of neuroendocrine tissue that is all too often ignored or excluded from standard neuropathological examinations or brain maps. With the advent of the first two volumes of the third series of the "Handbook of Clinical neurology", Dick Swaab changes that perception permanently by compiling and reviewing simply everything there is to know about this structure in a 1,000-page monograph............If one book can change the traditional clinical perception of the hypothalamus as an evolutionary ancient, endocrine structure of little importance, this monograph will.' - Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 'It is unusally rich in historical detail, and the illustrations are of exeptionally good quality' - Journal of Neuroendocrinology
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