Table of Contents

Preface xvii

About the Author xix

Acid Fuchsin 1

Acridine Homodimer 3

Acridine Orange 5

Alcian Blue 8GX 8

Alizarin 10

Alizarin Red S 13

Allura Red 16

Amaranth 19

9-Amino-6-Chloro-2-Methoxyacridine (ACMA) 22

Aniline Blue (Methyl Blue) 24

Auramine O 27

Azure A 30

Azure B 33

Bapta 37

Bapta AM 40

Basic Fuchsin 43

Bismark Brown Y 46

Blue Tetrazolium (BT) 48

Bobo 1 51

Bobo 3 53

Bodipy FL C5-Ceramide 55

Brilliant Blue FCF 57

Brilliant Cresyl Blue 60

Brilliant Green 61

BSPT 64

BTC 66

BTC AM 68

Calcein 71

Calcein AM 74

Calcein Blue 78

Calcein Blue AM 80

Calcium Green 1 81

Calcium Green 2 84

Calcium Green 5N 86

Carmine 88

Coelenterazine 92

Coelenterazine cp 96

Coelenterazine f 98

Coelenterazine h 100

Coelenterazine hcp 102

Coelenterazine n 104

Congo Red 106

CoroNa Green 110

CoroNa Green AM 111

CoroNa Red 112

Cresyl Violet Acetate 114

Crystal Violet 116

Cyanotolyl Tetrazolium Chloride (CTC) 120

DAF FM 123

Dansyl Cadaverine 125

Dapi 127

Darrow Red 129

Daspei 130

Daspmi 132

Di-2-ANEPEQ 134

Di-4-ANEPPS 135

Di-8-ANEPPS 137

DiBAC4(3) 139

DiBAC4(5) 142

DiD 144

Dihydroethidium 146

Dihydrorhodamine 6G 149

Dihydrorhodamine 123 151

DiI 153

DiIC1(5) 156

DiOC2(3) 158

DiOC5(3) 160

DiOC6(3) 162

DiOC7(3) 166

DiSBAC2(3) 167

DiSC3(5) 169

Eosin B 171

Eosin Y 173

Erythrosin 177

Ethidium Bromide 183

Ethidium Homodimer-1 (EthD-1) 186

Ethidium Homodimer-2 (EthD-2) 189

Ethidium Monoazide (EMA) 191

Ethyl Eosin 193

Fast Green FCF 195

Fluo 3 198

Fluo 3 AM 201

Fluo 4 203

Fluo 4 AM 205

Fluozin 1 207

Fluozin 2 208

Fluozin 3 209

FM 4-64 211

Fura 2 213

Fura 2 Am 215

Fura 2FF 217

Giemsa Stain 219

Hematoxylin 223

Hexidium Iodide 227

Hoechst 33258 229

Hoechst 33342 233

Hoechst 34580 237

Indigo Carmine 239

Indo 1 243

Indo 1 AM 245

Iodonitro Tetrazolium (INT) 247

Janus Green B 249

JC 1 252

JC 9 256

Jojo 1 257

JO-Pro 1 259

Light Green SF Yellowish 261

Lolo 1 264

Lucifer Yellow CH 266

Lucifer Yellow VS 269

Lucigenin 271

MAG-Fura 2 (FURAPTRA) 275

MAG-Fura 2 AM 278

MAG-Indo 1 281

Mag-Indo 1 AM 283

Magnesium Green 284

Malachite Green 286

Malachite Green Oxalate Salt 290

MEQ 292

Methylene Blue 293

Methylene Blue Trihydrate 296

Methylene Violet (Methylene Violet Bernthsen) 298

Methyl Green 300

Methyl Orange (Orange III) 302

Methylthiazoletetrazolium (MTT) 305

Methyl Violet 2B (Methyl Violet) 309

Monobromobimane (mBBr) 313

MQAE 316

NBD C6-Ceramide 317

NBD Methylhydrazine 320

Neotetrazolium (NT) 322

Neutral Red 324

Newport Green DCF 327

Newport Green PDX 329

Nigrosin 330

Nile Blue A 333

Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) 336

Nonyl-Acridine Orange (NAO) 339

Nuclear Yellow 342

Oil Red O 345

Orange II (Tropaeolin OOO) 349

Orange G 352

Orcein 356

Oxonol V 359

Oxonol VI 361

Pararosaniline Hydrochloride 363

PBFI 366

PBFI AM 368

Phen Green SK 369

Phloxine B 370

Ponceau SX 375

Popo 1 378

Popo 3 380

PO-Pro 1 382

PO-Pro 3 384

Propidium Iodide 386

Pyronin B 388

Pyronin Y 390

QSY 7 Carboxylic Acid, Succinimidyl Ester 393

QSY 9 Carboxylic Acid, Succinimidyl Ester 396

QSY 21 Carboxylic Acid, Succinimidyl Ester 398

Quin 2 400

Quin 2 AM 402

Redoxsensor Red CC-1 405

Resazurin Sodium Salt 406

RH 237 408

RH 414 410

RH 421 412

RH 795 414

Rhodamine 6G 415

Rhodamine 123 418

Rhodzin 3 421

Rose Bengal 422

Safranin O 425

SBFI 428

SBFI AM 431

SPQ 433

Stains-All 436

Stilbene Isothiocyanate Sulfonic Acid (Sits) 438

Sudan Black B 440

Sudan III 443

Sudan IV 447

Sunset Yellow FCF 450

Tartrazine 455

Tetranitro Blue Tetrazolium (TNBT) 461

Tetrazolium Violet (TV) 463

Thionin 465

TMRE 467

TMRM 469

Toluidine Blue O 470

TO-Pro 1 475

TO-Pro 3 477

TO-Pro 5 479

Toto 1 480

Toto 3 483

Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride (TTC) 485

TSQ 488

XTT 491

YO-Pro 1 495

YO-Pro 3 497

Yoyo 1 498

Yoyo 3 500

Zinquin 503

Zinquin Ester 506

Appendix A Index of CAS Registry Numbers 507

Appendix B Index of Biological Dyes/Stains (Certified by Biological Stain Commission) 511

Appendix C Index of FD&C Dyes (Approved by Food & Drug Administration) 513

Appendix D Index of Metal Indicators 515

Appendix E Index of Nucleic Acid Stains 517

Appendix F Index of Organelle Probes 519

Appendix G Index of pH Indicators 521

About the Author

RAM W. SABNIS, PHD, is a patent agent at Pfizer Inc. in Madison, New Jersey. His interests include dyes, pigments, organic chemistry, nanotechnology, biotechnology, medicinal chemistry, medical devices, and patents. He is a registered patent agent with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and is also the inventor of more than fifty U.S. and international patents (issued/published). Dr. Sabnis is one of the world's foremost experts on dyes, inventing the world's first colored bubbles (non-staining) and a color-changing dye system with many applications. He has more than twenty-five years of industrial and academic research experience in dye chemistry and more than 150 publications, which include books, book chapters, encyclopedia chapters, patents, reviews, papers, and symposia presentations. Dr. Sabnis is the recipient of the Perkin Innovation Award, Grand Innovation Award, Competitive Spirit Award, and Best Doctoral Thesis Award.