Table of Contents

Contents List of Notaries in the Corpus ix List of Testaments in Clusters xi Acknowledgments xii Figures 1-3. Reproduction of the testament of Elena de la Cruz (No. 10) xiii Introductory Study 1 1. Characteristics of the Corpus 3 Chronology 4 Regional distribution, sociopolitical organization, and order 5 Gender 7 Clusters 8 2. The Wills and What They Tell Us 8 Preamble 9 Personal names 11 Marital status 13 Unit names 13 Funeral arrangements 14 Mass 14 Shroud 15 Burial 16 The Jerusalem fund 17 Bells 17 Cofradias 18 Undocumented aspects 18 Kinship terms, the order of heirs, and inheritance patterns 19 Perorations 21 Houses and saints 22 Land 25 Animals 28 Debts 29 The end of the testament 29 Ending the body of the will 29 Executors 30 Witnesses 31 Officials 31 3. Language and Orthography 32 Phenomena of contact with Spanish 33 Toluca Valley Nahuatl, orthography, and phonology 35 4. Notaries 39 Toluca area 39 Calimaya/Tepemaxalco 42 5. Some Concluding Remarks 45 Testaments of Toluca: Transcription, Translation, and Commentary 51 Toluca Area 1. Andr's Nicol s, Santa B rbara Mixcoac, city of Toluca, 1671 53 2. Maria de la Encarnacion, San Juan Evangelista, 1733 54 3. Juana Francisca, San Luis, 1699 55 4. Ana Maria, San Luis, 1716 56 5. Luis Francisco, Santa Clara Cozcatlan, 1731 58 6. Isabel Maria, Santa Clara Cozcatlan, 1731 59 7. Don Ramon de Santiago, Santa Clara Cozcatlan, 1740 61 8. Juan Crisostomo, Santa B rbara Xolalpan, 1701 64 9. Maria Ana de Morales, San Miguel Aticpac, 1707 66 10. Elena de la Cruz, San Miguel Aticpac, 1711 68 11. Maria Hern ndez, San Miguel Aticpac, 1737 74 12. Maria Josefa, San Miguel Aticpac, 1737 75 13. Adri n Josef, San Miguel Aticpac, 1733 77 14. Juan Rafael, San Cristobal, 1732 78 15. Agustin Pedro, San Cristobal, 1732 80 16. Esteban de San Juan, San Miguel Totocuitlapilco, 1652 81 17. Marcos Francisco, Transfiguracion Capultitlan, 1737 83 18. Felipe de Santiago, Santa Maria de los Angeles Huitzillan, 1741 85 19. Vicenta Teresa, San Francisco Calixtlahuaca, 1737 87 20. Will issued by Pascual de los Reyes for Maria In's, San Sebasti n, 1703 88 21. Tomasa Gertrudis, San Sebasti n, 1738 90 22. Ambrosio Lorenzo, San Bartolom' Tlatelolco, 1715 91 23. Gregorio Juan, San Bartolom' Tlatelolco, 1731 94 24. Melchora Maria, San Bartolom' Tlatelolco, 1737 96 25. Don Felipe de Santiago, San Pedro Tototepec, 1728 98 26. Bernardino de Santiago, San Pedro Tototepec, 1733 100 27. Francisco de la Cruz, San Pedro Tototepec, 1735 102 28. Pascual Francisco, San Juan Bautista, 1710 105 29. Pedro Pablo, San Juan Bautista, 1737 106 30. Pascuala Melchora, San Juan Bautista, 1717 108 31. Sebasti n de Santiago, San Juan Bautista, 1731 111 32. Joaquin Josef, San Juan Bautista, 1736 112 33. Juan de los Santos, San Juan Bautista, 1756 113 34. Will issued by Maria de Guadalupe for Mateo de Luna, San Juan Bautista, 1757 114 35. Salvador Cayetano, Santa Ana, 1728 116 36. Pascual Antonio, Santa Ana, 1737 118 37. Mauricia Josefa, no place, 1732 120 38. Don Francisco Pedro, no place, 1737 122 Tepemaxalco 39. Don Juan de la Cruz, San Pablo Tepemaxalco, 1691 125 40. Jacinto de la Cruz, San Pablo Tepemaxalco, Pasiontitlan, 1693 130 41. Polonia Maria, San Pablo Tepemaxalco, Pasiontitlan, 1710 132 42. Maria Salom', San Pablo Tepemaxalco, Pasiontitlan, 1654 134 43. Maria Micaela, San Pablo Tepemaxalco, Pasiontitlan, 1762 139 44. F'lix Juan, San Pablo Tepemaxalco, Pasiontitlan, 1762 142 45. Lucas de la Cruz, San Pablo Tepemaxalco, 1695 144 46. Don Baltasar de los Reyes, San Lucas Evangelista, 1681 147 47. Lucia Maria, San Lucas Evangelista, 1731 150 48. Francisco Martin, San Lucas Evangelista, 1735 152 49. Agustin de los Angeles, San Lucas Evangelista, 1736 154 50. Antonio de Santiago, San Lucas Evangelista, 1726 156 51. Ana Teresa, San Lucas Evangelista, 1759 158 52. Marcela Maria, San Lucas Evangelista, 1759 159 53. Felipe de Santiago, San Lucas Evangelista, 1759 161 54. Bernardino de Sena, San Lucas Evangelista, 1759 163 55. Juan Clemente, San Lucas Evangelista, 1762 164 56. Don Juan Alonso, Santa Maria de la Asuncion, 1692 166 57. Pascuala Maria, Santa Maria de la Asuncion, 1762 168 58. Alonso Cristobal, Santa Maria de la Asuncion, 1759 172 59. Marcelino de la Cruz, Santa Maria de la Asuncion, 1759 174 60. Juana Maria, Santa Maria de la Asuncion, 1760 175 61. Francisco Javier, Santa Maria de la Asuncion, 1762 176 62. Guillermo Martin, Santa Maria de la Asuncion, 1737 177 63. Josefa Trinidad, Santa Maria de la Asuncion, 1752 180 64. Ignacia Cristina, Santa Maria de la Asuncion, 1759 181 65. Tom s de Aquino, Santa Maria de la Asuncion, 1760 182 66. Pablo Marcial, Santa Maria de la Asuncion, 1762 183 67. Gabriel de Santiago, Santa Maria de la Asuncion, 1758 184 68. Don Felipe de Santiago, Santa Maria de la Asuncion, 1783 185 69. Juan Andr's, San Pablo Tepemaxalco, San Juan Bautista Yancuictlalpan, 1737 188 Calimaya 70. Fabiana de la Cruz, San Pedro Calimaya, 1758 189 71. Martina Maria, San Pedro Calimaya, Pasiontitlan, 1751 191 72. Agustin de la Cruz, San Pedro Calimaya, Pasiontitlan, 1755 193 73. Lorenza de Subersa, San Pedro Calimaya, Pasiontitlan, 1759 196 74. Maria Clara, San Pedro Calimaya, Pasiontitlan, 1763 197 75. Dominga Melchora, Calimaya, Pasiontitlan, 1701 200 76. Juana de la Cruz, San Pedro Calimaya, Tlamimilolpan, 1758 202 77. Josefa Encarnacion, San Pedro Calimaya, Tlamimilolpan, 1759 204 78. Francisco Juan, Calimaya, Tlamimilolpan, 1712 206 79. Antonio de Santiago, Calimaya, Tlamimilolpan, 1734 209 80. Pascuala de la Cruz, Calimaya, Tlamimilolpan, 1739 212 81. F'lix de Santiago, Calimaya, Teopantonco, 1738 215 82. Don Antonio Salvador, Calimaya, Teopantonco, 1762 218 83. Antonia Espinosa, Calimaya, Teopanquiyahuac, 1759 223 84. Rosa Francisca, San Pedro Calimaya, Teopanquiyahuac, 1760 224 85. Tom s de la Cruz, San Antonio de Padua, 1717 226 86. Mateo Ju rez, San Antonio de Padua, 1733 227 87. Pablo Joaquin, San Antonio de Padua, 1737 229 Calimaya/Tepemaxalco 88. Antonio de la Cruz, Santa Maria Nativitas, 1678 231 89. Jos' de Alc ntara, Santa Maria Nativitas, 1737 233 90. Antonia Maria, Santa Maria Nativitas, 1759 235 91. Dominga Maria, Santa Maria Nativitas, 1759 236 92. Antonia Rufina, Santa Maria Nativitas, 1759 236 93. Leonor Maria, Santa Maria Nativitas, 1760 237 94. Mateo Serrano, Santiago Apostol Quaxochtenco, 1703 238 95. Baltasar de los Reyes, Santiago Apostol Quaxochtenco, ca. 1730 242 96. Mateo Manuel, Santiago Apostol Quaxochtenco, 1760 244 97. Ventura Ramos, Santiago Apostol Quaxochtenco, 1761 245 98. Tom s de la Cruz, Calimaya/Tepemaxalco, place unknown, 1760 246 Glossary 248 Bibliography 249

About the Author

Caterina Pizzigoni is Associate Professor in the department of History at Columbia University.

Reviews

"Pizzigoni's edition is an important contribution to the study of the corpus of Nahuatl-language wills, and it suggest new directions for the future study of Nahuatl language and culture. The author's contribution is fundamental to what has been until today a neglected research topic in Nahuatl studies. The result is a specialized reference tool that will help to redefine socio-historical studies on the Nahuatl language and culture by guiding the research toward issues of material culture in Mexican colonial society." - Raul Marrero-Fente, Canadian Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Studies "Testaments of Toluca is the first of its kind. The book is a critical edition of 98 Nahuatl-language wills in English translation from the Valley of Toluca, a region due west of Mexico City. The exegesis of the content of the testaments reveals surely as much as can be known about the individual testators and their lives. But just as important, Testaments of Toluca furnishes a meticulous analysis of the Nahuatl spoken by the dying ... We can only be greatful that Pizzigoni has taken on the task of translating and commenting on thse hundreds of wills, which guarantees one of the most intensive and complete studies of Nahua life anywhere." - Journal of Latin American Studies "Testaments of Toluca does for the eighteenth century in central Mexico what The Testaments of Culhuacan did earlier for the sixteenth: provide a basis for studying everyday indigenous life at the household level." - Sarah Cline, UC Santa Barbara, author of Colonial Culhuacan and editor of The Testaments of Culhuacan "The transcribed and translated primary documents are highly significant in their own right, but the extensive commentary transforms Testaments of Toluca into an important and accessible scholarly monograph." - Robert Haskett, University of Oregon, a "This may be the single most significant volume of transcribed and translated testaments from colonial Latin America published to date. The quantity and quality of the material and its analysis make the book a treasure trove of information on late-colonia