Table of Contents

Contents Introduction 1 Preface 1 1. Introduction 1 2. The Roots of Revolutionary Ideology 40 3. The Heterodox Marxism of Ludwig Woltmann 94 4. The Heterodox Marxism of Georges Sorel 149 5. The Heterodox Marxism of V. I. Lenin 200 6. The Heterodox Marxism of Benito Mussolini 263 7. The National Question and Marxist Orthodoxy 313 8. Revolutionary Syndicalism and Nationalism 367 9. The Great War and the Response of Revolutionary Marxists 418 10. The Great War, Revolution, and Leninism 473 11. The Great War, Revolution, and Fascism 528 12. Conclusions 578 Index 000

About the Author

A. James Gregor is Professor of Political Science at the University of California, Berkeley, and Adjunct Professor at the Marine Corps University at Quantico, Virginia. He is the author of twenty-four books.

Reviews

"A. James Gregor's life-long determination to clarify the origins and nature of Italian fascism seriously undermines the current common misconception that this ideology of trumpets and drums was little more than a thoughtless and opportunistic cover for violence and war. His well substantiated case study behoves historians both to consider Italy as more than a sideshow to Germany's National Socialism and to evaluate the consequences of scientific socialism as even more deadly than previously thought." - Terry Crowley, Canadian Journal of History "Gregor provacatively argues that not only Leninism but also facism finds substantial inspiration in Marxism... The sweep of Gregor's study is impressive, engaging with primary texts of not only the major thinkers but more minor figures as well ... Recommended." - J. John, CHOICE "The intellectual significance of this book is enormous. It deals with all major political-ideological currents and historical developments of the past century ... It helps us to understand - indeed, to get to the bottom of - the origins and characteristics of twentieth-century revolutionary movements and ideologies." - Paul Hollander, Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies at Harvard "This is an outstanding study of the Marxian sources of Fascism as a specific ideological corpus and 'fascism' as a modern totalitarian regime type ... The scholarship is indeed of high excellence, the work of a mature scholar whose long experience and penetrating grasp of his subject shines through." - Carl A. Linden, George Washington University