Contents
Introduction xix
Part I: Introducing Cisco Telepresence 3
Chapter 1 What Is Telepresence? 5
Evolution of Video Communications 5
It’s All About the Experience! 9
How Is TelePresence Different Than Video Conferencing? 11
Quality 12
Simplicity 13
Reliability 13
Bandwidth Requirements 14
Chapter 2 Cisco TelePresence Solution Overview 17
The Cisco TelePresence Solution 17
Cisco TelePresence Codec 18
Industry-Leading Audio and Video 20
Video Resolution and Compression Formats 21
Audio Resolution and Compression Formats 23
Collaboration Tools 24
Audio and Video Multiplexing 25
Cisco 7975 Series IP Phone 25
Cisco TelePresence System 3000 26
Three Native 1080p High-Definition Cameras 27
Three 65-Inch High-Definition Plasma Displays 27
Purpose-Built Meeting
Table, Integrated Projector, and
Lighting Shroud 28
Multichannel Wide-Band Audio 29
Cisco TelePresence System 3200 29
Extended Camera Focal View 30
Second Row Seating 30
Extension of Each Table Segment 31
Optional Displays for Shared Content 31
Cisco TelePresence System 1000 32
One Native 1080p High-Definition Camera 33
One 65-Inch High-Definition Plasma Display 33
Integrated Lighting Shroud 33
One Wide-band Microphone and Speaker 34
Cisco TelePresence System 500 34
One Native 1080p High-Definition Camera 34
One 37-Inch High-Definition LCD Display 34
Integrated Lighting Shroud 36
Integrated Wideband Microphone and Speaker 36
Multiple Configuration Options 36
Cisco Unified Communications Manager 36
Cisco TelePresence Manager 38
Calendaring Integration and Management 38
One-Button-to-Push Meeting Access 38
Resource and Location Management for Cisco TelePresence Multipoint Switch 39
CTS System Management and Reporting 41
Concierge Services 41
Cisco TelePresence Multipoint Switch 42
Cisco TelePresence Inter-Company 43
Operation, Administration, and Monitoring 45
Related TelePresence Services 47
Cisco TelePresence Planning, Design, and Implementation 47
Cisco TelePresence Essential Operate Service 49
Cisco TelePresence Select Operate and TelePresence Remote Assistance Service 49
Part II: Telepresence Technologies 53
Chapter 3 TelePresence Audio and Video Technologies 55
Codec Design Requirements 55
Codec System Architecture 56
Codec Physical Design 56
Master and Slave Codec Architecture 56
Codec Operating System Software 59
Encoding and Packetization 61
Camera and Auxiliary Video Inputs 62
Video Encoding 63
Audio Encoding 68
Real-Time Transport Protocol 70
TelePresence Packet Rates 73
Depacketization and Decoding 77
Managing Latency, Jitter, and Loss 77
Summary of Latency,
Jitter, Loss Targets and Thresholds,
and Actions 82
Demultiplexing and Decoding 83
Audio-Only Participants 87
Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency 89
RFC 2833 90
Key-Pad Markup Language 90
Other Protocols 90
How DTMF Tones Are Processed in Cisco TelePresence 91
Interoperability with Out-of-Band Collaboration Applications 92
Interoperability with Video Conferencing 92
Interoperability RTP Channels 93
Chapter 4 Connecting TelePresence Systems 99
Internal TelePresence System Connections 99
Connecting a CTS-500 System 99
Connecting a CTS-1000 System 100
Connecting a CTS-3000 System 101
Connecting a CTS-3200 System 104
TelePresence Network Interaction 106
TelePresence Network Deployment Models 111
Intracampus Deployment Model 112
Intra-Enterprise Deployment Model 112
Intercompany Deployment Model 114
TelePresence Phases of Deployment 116
Chapter 5 Network Availability Technologies 121
Network Availability 121
Device Availability Technologies 125
Stackwise/Stackwise Plus 126
Nonstop Forwarding with Stateful Switchover 128
Network Availability Protocols 132
L2 Network Availability Protocols 132
L3 Network Availability Protocols 147
Operational Availabilities Technologies 155
Generic Online Diagnostics 156
Chapter 6 Network Quality of Service Technologies 161
Modular QoS Command-Line Interface 161
Classification Tools 162
Class Maps 162
Network Based Application Recognition 163
Marking Tools 165
Ethernet 802.1Q/p CoS 165
MPLS EXP 166
Differentiated Services Code Points 167
Policing Tools 172
Single-Rate Policers 173
Dual-Rate Policers 174
Shaping Tools 178
Queuing Tools 181
CBWFQ 181
LLQ 183
Hardware Queuing: 1PxQyT 187
Dropping Tools 190
WRED 192
DSCP-Based WRED 193
Explicit Congestion Notification 194
HQoS 196
Chapter 7 TelePresence Control and Security Protocols 203
Network Control Protocols 203
IEEE 802.1p/Q: VLAN Tagging and CoS 203
IEEE 802.1p/Q Utilization Within Cisco TelePresence Networks 205
IEEE 802.3af: Power over Ethernet 205
Network Time Protocol (NTP) 206
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 207
Signaling Protocols 208
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 208
XML/SOAP 213
AXL/SOAP 216
JTAPI, TAPI, and CTIQBE 216
WebDAV 217
LDAP 217
Network Management Protocols 217
Cisco Discovery Protocol 218
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) 222
Simple Network Management Protocol 223
TelePresence Security Protocols 226
Transport Layer Security (TLS) 226
Secure Real-Time Transport Protocol (sRTP) 228
Bandwidth Impact of Enabling TelePresence Encryption 232
Secure Shell (SSH) 232
Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTPS) 233
Part III: Telepresence System Design 237
Chapter 8 TelePresence Room Design 239
Room Dimensions, Shape, and Orientation 239
Width Requirements 240
Depth Requirements 245
Height Requirements 249
Angles, Shape, and Orientation 253
Doors and Windows 258
Wall, Floor, and Ceiling Surfaces 259
Wall Surfaces 259
Flooring Surfaces 262
Ceiling Surfaces 263
Lighting and Illumination 265
Considering Light Angles and Direction 266
Considering Light Color Temperature 266
Measuring Light Intensity 269
Light Fixture and Bulb Considerations 271
Light Fixture Ballast Considerations 275
Acoustics 276
Measuring Ambient Noise 277
Measuring Reverberation 279
Targeted and Maximum Ambient Noise and Reverberation Levels 281
Controlling Ambient Noise and Reverberation Levels 281
Scenarios for Mitigating Ambient Noise and Reverberation 283
HVAC 283
HVAC Air Noise Diffusion Considerations 289
Power Requirements 290
Network Connectivity 294
Chapter 9 TelePresence Network Design Part 1: Availability Design 297
TelePresence Availability Considerations and Targets 297
Highly Available Campus Design for TelePresence 299
Redundancy 300
Hierarchy 301
Modularity 303
Multitier Campus Distribution Block Design 304
Virtual Switch Campus Distribution Block Design 307
Routed Access Campus Distribution Block Design 311
Highly Available Branch Designs for TelePresence 330
Dual-Tier Branch Profiles 331
Multitier Branch Profiles 333
Chapter 10 TelePresence Network Design Part 2: Quality of Service Design 339
TelePresence QoS Considerations 339
TelePresence Service Level Requirements 339
TelePresence DiffServ Strategy 349
Campus QoS Design for TelePresence 356
Catalyst 3560/3750 QoS Design for TelePresence 359
Catalyst 4500/4900 QoS Design for TelePresence 366
Catalyst 6500 QoS Design for TelePresence 374
Branch QoS Designs for TelePresence 381
LLQ Versus CBWFQ over the WAN/VPN? 383
Branch MPLS VPN QoS Considerations and Design 392
Chapter 11 TelePresence Firewall Design 407
Cisco Firewall Platforms 407
Firewall Deployment Options 409
Transparent Versus Routed Mode 409
Equal Versus Unequal Interface Security Levels 410
Network Address Translation 411
Application Layer Protocol Inspection 413
TLS Proxy Functionality 413
TelePresence Protocol Requirements 413
Device Provisioning Flows 414
Configuration Download and Device Registration Protocols 416
Call Scheduling and Services Flows 419
Call Signaling Flows 421
Media Flows 421
Management Flows 424
Example Firewall Configuration 428
Chapter 12 TelePresence Call-Signaling Design 435
Overview of TelePresence Call-Signaling Components 435
CUCM: SIP Registrar and Back-to-Back User Agent 435
CTS Endpoints: SIP User Agents 437
CTMS: SIP Trunk 437
Cisco TelePresence SBC and CUBE: B2BUA and Media Proxy 437
Session Description Protocol 438
Bandwidth Negotiation 440
Media Negotiation 440
Other Negotiated Parameters 441
CTS Boot Process 441
Single-Cluster Call Signaling Examples 443
CTS Endpoint Registration 443
Call Setup 445
Call Termination 448
Call Hold 449
Intercluster Call Signaling 450
Single Enterprise Signaling 450
Business-to-Business Signaling 450
Chapter 13 Multipoint TelePresence Design 455
CTMS Overview 455
CTMS Meeting Types 457
CTMS Meeting Features 459
Multipoint Resources 462
Geographical Resource Management 463
Quality of Service 463
Meeting Security 464
Meeting Management 465
Audio and Video Flows in a Multipoint TelePresence Design 466
Audio in a Multipoint TelePresence Meeting 466
Video in a Multipoint TelePresence Meeting 467
TelePresence Interoperability 469
Network Design Considerations for Multipoint TelePresence 472
Deployment Models 472
Additional Latency 473
Bandwidth Considerations 475
Burst Considerations 477
Positioning of the CTMS Within the Network 481
Placement Within the Campus 481
Placement within the Branch 482
LAN Switch Platform Considerations 482
WAN Circuit Support 483
Basic Configuration Requirements for Multipoint TelePresence 484
CUCM Configuration Requirements 484
CTMS Configuration Requirements 484
Chapter 14 Inter-Company TelePresence Design 487
End-to-End Application Requirements 488
Experience Quality Requirements 488
Ease of Use Requirements 489
Reliability Requirements 489
Security Requirements 489
Nonproprietary Requirements 490
Scalability Requirements 490
Solution Components 490
Network Architecture and Security 492
Public E.164 Dialing 494
Inter-VPN Connectivity 495
End-to-End Application-Layer Security 510
Inter-Company Deployment Models 517
Converged Versus Overlay Access Circuits 518
Centralized Inter-Company Access Circuit 518
Multiple, Decentralized Inter-Company Access Circuits 523
Inter-Company Dialing Models 528
Scheduling Inter-Company Meetings 531
Multiple Service Provider Peering 533
Appendix Protocols Used in Cisco TelePresence Solutions 539
TOC, 9781587055935, 5-4-09
Tim Szigeti, CCIE No. 9794, is a technical leader at Cisco within the Enterprise Systems Engineering (ESE) team, where he has spent the last decade specializing in quality of service technologies. His current role is to design network architectures for the next wave of media applications, including TelePresence, IP video surveillance, digital media systems, and desktop video. He has coauthored many technical papers, including the Cisco Enterprise QoS Design Guide and the Cisco TelePresence Network Systems Design Guide, and the Cisco Press book End-to-End QoS Network Design. Tim holds a bachelor of Commerce degree in management information systems from the University of British Columbia.
Kevin McMenamy is senior manager of technical marketing in the Cisco TelePresence Systems Business Unit (TSBU). Kevin has been doing technical marketing at Cisco since February 2000, focused primarily on voice- and video-related technologies, including Cisco IP/TV, Cisco H.323 video conferencing, Cisco IP Telephony, and Unified Communications, and now Cisco TelePresence. Prior to Cisco, Kevin worked at FVC.COM, which manufactured H.321 video conferencing solutions, and at Winnov L.L.P, which manufactured the video capture cards used in the Cisco IP/TV streaming servers and in PCs for Microsoft’s NetMeeting and WhitePine Software’s CUCME applications. Kevin has filed several U.S. patents with Cisco on voice and video signaling and security concepts and has coauthored and contributed to numerous technical papers including the Cisco IP Videoconferencing Design Guide, the Cisco IP Video Telephony Design Guide, the Cisco IP Telephony Design Guide, the Cisco Quality of Service Design Guide, the Cisco SAFE Blueprint, Cisco CallManager Fundamentals, and most recently the Cisco TelePresence Network Systems Design Guide.
Roland Saville is a technical leader within the Cisco Enterprise Systems Engineering (ESE) team. For the past 13 years at Cisco, he has focused on a broad range of technology areas, including VoIP, security, wireless, RFID, and TelePresence as a systems engineer, consulting systems engineer, and technical marketing engineer. He has coauthored many technical papers including the Cisco SAFE Blueprint documents, Cisco TelePresence Network Systems Design Guide, and several U.S. patents relating to RFID technology. Roland holds a bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering from the University of Idaho and a master of business administration from Santa Clara University.
Alan Glowacki is a technical marketing engineer in the TelePresence Systems Business Unit (TSBU). Alan has been working on video communications since 1995 when he joined First Virtual Communications as employee number 20. After five years with First Virtual Communications, Alan joined Cisco, focusing on H.323 video conferencing. During his time with Cisco, he authored many technical papers including the first H.323 Videoconferencing Solution Reference Design Guide. After three and a half years with Cisco, he left to try another startup only to return to Cisco in 2006. Upon his return to Cisco, Alan returned his focus to video by joining the TSBU.
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