Table of Contents

I. INTRODUCTION Hans-Henning Kortüm: Clash of Typologies - The Naming of Wars and the Invention of Typologies II. GENERAL TYPOLOGY OF TRANSCULTURAL WARS Stephen Morillo: A General Typology of Transcultural Wars - The Early Middle Ages and Beyond Michael Prestwich: Transcultural Warfare - The Later Middle Ages Bernhard R. Kroener: Antichrist, Archenemy, Disturber of the Peace. Forms and Means of Violent Conflict in the Early Modern Ages Hew Strachan: A General Typology of Transcultural Wars - The Modern Ages III. RULES OF WAR AND WAR WITHOUT RULES Matthew Strickland: Rules of War or War without Rules? - Some Reflections on Conduct and the Treatment of Non-Combatants in Medieval Transcultural Wars Martin van Crefeld: A Tale of Two Wars IV. SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN WARS Corinne Saunders: Sexual Violence in Wars - The Middle Ages Birgit Beck-Heppner: Gender Specific Crimes in Wars of the Modern Age V. CONCEPTS AND STEREOTYPES OF THE ENEMY AND THEIR FUNCTION Hannes Möhring: The Christian Concept of the Muslim Enemy during the Crusades Michael Hochgeschwender: Enemy Images in the American Civil War - A Case Study on Their Function in a Modern Society VI. PROTAGONISTS OF WAR - PLURALITY OF VIOLENCE AND IST MONOPOLY Andrew Ayton: From Muhi to Mohács - Armies and Combatants in Later Medieval European Transcultural Wars Daniel Hohrath: Soldiers and Mercenaries; Protagonists of Transcultural Wars in the Modern Ages INDICES Index locorum Index personarum Index rerum

Reviews

"[...] a wide range of examples of belligerent conduct [...]. The book shows that intercultural wars, like the Crusades, were not as violent as many people believe. Cultural difference may, or may not, therefore, fuel enmity. They also bring out, less surprisingly, that cultures are not immune to spawning wars of great cruelty within their borders. Familiarity thus may, or may not, breet contempt." Jan Willem Honig in: Bulletin, vol. XXX, no.1, Mai 2008