Table of Contents

1.Introduction and background.- 2.Understanding the Context: Hopes and Challenges in 2011.- 3: Political Challenges: Expectations and Changes 2011-2014.- 4: Unmet Challenges and Frustrate Expectations:  Economic Security and Quality of Life:  2011-2014.- 5. Unmet Challenges and Frustrated Expectations: Employment Creation, Corruption and Gender Equality 2011-2014.- 6. Conclusions: Resilient Authoritarianism and Frustrated Expectations.

About the Author

Andrea Teti is Senior Lecturer at the University of Aberdeen, UK, and Co-Director of the Centre for Global Security and Governance. His current research focuses on the politics of democracy promotion, EU-Middle East relations, Egyptian politics, and political theory. He was Scientific Lead for the Arab Transformations project.

Pamela Abbott is Director of the Centre for Global Development and Professor in the School of Education  at the University of Aberdeen, UK. Her current research focuses on socio-economic development and political and social transformations in the Arab world. She was a senior investigator on the Arab Transformations Project. She was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Social Sciences in 2001.

Francesco Cavatorta is Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and Research Fellow at the Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche sur l’Afrique et le Moyen Orient (CIRAM), Laval University, Quebec, Canada.His current research focuses on political parties in the Arab world.