Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction to Network Security Principles

Examining Network Security Fundamentals

    The Need for Network Security

    Network Security Objectives

    Data Classification

    Security Controls

    Response to a Security Breach

    Laws and Ethics

Examining Network Attack Methodologies

    Adversaries, Motivations, and Classes of Attack

    Classes of Attack and Methodology

The Principles of Defense in Depth

    IP Spoofing Attacks

    Confidentiality Attacks

    Integrity Attacks

    Availability Attacks

    Best Practices to Defeat Network Attacks

Examining Operations Security

    Secure Network Life Cycle Management

    Principles of Operations Security

    Network Security Testing

    Disaster Recovery and Business Continuity Planning

Understanding and Developing a Comprehensive Network Security Policy

    Security Policy Overview

    Security Policy Components

    Standards, Guidelines, and Procedures

    Security Policy Roles and Responsibilities

    Risk Analysis and Management

    Principles of Secure Network Design

    Security Awareness

Cisco Self-Defending Networks

    Changing Threats and Challenges

    Building a Cisco Self-Defending Network

    Cisco Integrated Security Portfolio

Summary

    References

Review Questions

Chapter 2 Perimeter Security

Securing Administrative Access to Cisco Routers

    General Router Security Guidelines

    Introduction to the Cisco Integrated Services Router Family

    Configuring Secure Administration Access

    Configuring Multiple Privilege Levels

    Configuring Role-Based Command-Line Interface Access

Securing the Cisco IOS Image and Configuration Files

Configuring Enhanced Support for Virtual Logins

    Delays Between Successive Login Attempts

    Login Shutdown if DoS Attacks Are Suspected

    Generation of System Logging Messages for Login Detection

    Configuring Banner Messages

    Introducing Cisco SDM

    Supporting Cisco SDM and Cisco SDM Express

    Launching Cisco SDM Express

    Launching Cisco SDM

    Navigating the Cisco SDM Interface

    Cisco SDM Wizards in Configure Mode

Configuring AAA on a Cisco Router Using the Local Database

    Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting

    Introduction to AAA for Cisco Routers

    Using Local Services to Authenticate Router Access

Configuring AAA on a Cisco Router to Use Cisco Secure ACS

    Cisco Secure ACS Overview

    TACACS+ and RADIUS Protocols

    Installing Cisco Secure ACS for Windows

    Configuring the Server

    Configuring TACACS+ Support on a Cisco Router

    Troubleshooting TACACS+

Implementing Secure Management and Reporting

    Planning Considerations for Secure Management and Reporting

    Secure Management and Reporting Architecture

    Using Syslog Logging for Network Security

    Using Logs to Monitor Network Security

    Using SNMP to Manage Network Devices

    Configuring an SSH Daemon for Secure Management and Reporting

    Enabling Time Features

Locking Down the Router

    Vulnerable Router Services and Interfaces

    Management Service Vulnerabilities

    Performing a Security Audit

    Cisco AutoSecure

Chapter Summary

    References

Review Questions

Chapter 3 Network Security Using Cisco IOS Firewalls

Introducing Firewall Technologies

    Firewall Fundamentals

    Firewalls in a Layered Defense Strategy

    Static Packet-Filtering Firewalls

    Application Layer Gateways

    Dynamic or Stateful Packet-Filtering Firewalls

    Other Types of Firewalls

    Cisco Family of Firewalls

    Developing an Effective Firewall Policy

    ACL Fundamentals

    ACL Wildcard Masking

    Using ACLs to Control Traffic

    ACL Considerations

    Configuring ACLs Using SDM

    Using ACLs to Permit and Deny Network Services

Configuring a Cisco IOS Zone-Based Policy Firewall

    Zone-Based Policy Firewall Overview

    Configuring Zone-Based Policy Firewalls Using the Basic Firewall Wizard

    Manually Configuring Zone-Based Policy Firewalls Using Cisco SDM

Monitoring a Zone-Based-Firewall

Summary

    References

Review Questions

Chapter 4 Fundamentals of Cryptography

Examining Cryptographic Services

    Cryptology Overview

    Symmetric and Asymmetric Encryption Algorithms

    Block and Stream Ciphers

    Encryption Algorithm Selection

    Cryptographic Hashes

    Key Management

    Introducing SSL VPNs

Examining Symmetric Encryption

    Symmetric Encryption Overview

    DES: Features and Functions

    3DES: Features and Functions

    AES: Features and Functions

    SEAL: Features and Functions

    Rivest Ciphers: Features and Functions

Examining Cryptographic Hashes and Digital Signatures

    Overview of Hash Algorithms

    Overview of Hashed Message Authentication Codes

    MD5: Features and Functions

    SHA-1: Features and Functions

    Overview of Digital Signatures

    DSS: Features and Functions

Examining Asymmetric Encryption and PKI

    Asymmetric Encryption Overview

    RSA: Features and Functions

    DH: Features and Functions

    PKI Definitions and Algorithms

    PKI Standards

    Certificate Authorities

Summary

    References

Review Questions

Chapter 5 Site-to-Site VPNs

VPN Overview

    VPN Types

    Cisco VPN Product Family

Introducing IPsec

    Encryption Algorithms

    Diffie-Hellman Exchange

    Data Integrity

    Authentication

    IPsec Advantages

IPsec Protocol Framework

    Authentication Header

    Encapsulating Security Payload

    Tunnel Mode Versus Transport Mode

    IPsec Framework

IKE Protocol

    IKE Phase 1

    IKE Phase 1: Example

    IKE Phase 2

Building a Site-to-Site IPsec VPN

    Site-to-Site IPsec VPN Operations

    Configuring IPsec

    Verifying the IPsec Configuration

Configuring IPsec on a Site-to-Site VPN Using Cisco SDM

    Introducing the Cisco SDM VPN Wizard Interface

    Site-to-Site VPN Components

    Using the Cisco SDM Wizards to Configure Site-to-Site VPNs

    Completing the Configuration

Summary

    References

Review Questions

Chapter 6 Network Security Using Cisco IOS IPS

Introducing IDS and IPS

    Types of IDS and IPS Systems

    IPS Actions

    Event Monitoring and Management

Cisco IPS Management Software

    Cisco Router and Security Device Manager

    Cisco Security Monitoring, Analysis, and Response System

    Cisco IDS Event Viewer

    Cisco Security Manager

    Cisco IPS Device Manager

Host and Network IPS

    Host-Based IPS

    Network-Based IPS

    Comparing HIPS and Network IPS

Introducing Cisco IPS Appliances

    Cisco IPS 4200 Series Sensors

    Cisco ASA AIP SSM

    Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series IDSM-2

    Cisco IPS AIM

Signatures and Signature Engines

    Examining Signature Micro-Engines

    Signature Alarms

IPS Best Practices

Configuring Cisco IOS IPS

    Cisco IOS IPS Features

    Configuring Cisco IOS IPS Using Cisco SDM

    Configuring Cisco IOS IPS Using CLI

    Configuring IPS Signatures

    Monitoring IOS IPS

Verifying IPS Operation

Summary

    References

Review Questions

Chapter 7 LAN, SAN, Voice, and Endpoint Security Overview

Examining Endpoint Security

    Operating System Vulnerabilities

    Application Vulnerabilities

    Buffer Overflows

    IronPort

    Cisco NAC Products

    Cisco Security Agent

    Endpoint Security Best Practices

Examining SAN Security

    Defining SANs

    SAN Fundamentals

    SAN Security Scope

Examining Voice Security

    VoIP Fundamentals

    Voice Security Threats

    Defending Against VoIP Hacking

Mitigating Layer 2 Attacks

    Basic Switch Operation

    Mitigating VLAN Attacks

    Preventing Spanning Tree Protocol Manipulation

    CAM Table Overflow Attacks

    MAC Address Spoofing Attacks

    Using Port Security

    Additional Switch Security Features

    Layer 2 Best Practices

Summary

    References

Review Questions

Appendix Answers to Chapter Review Questions

Index

About the Author

Catherine Paquet

is a practitioner in the field of internetworking, network security, and security financials. She has authored or contributed to eight books thus far with Cisco Press. Catherine has in-depth knowledge of security systems, remote access, and routing technology. She is a Cisco Certified Security Professional (CCSP) and a Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP). Catherine is also a certified Cisco instructor with Cisco’s largest training partner, Global Knowledge, Inc. She also works on IT security projects for different organizations on a part-time basis. Following her university graduation from the Collège Militaire Royal de St-Jean (Canada), she worked as a system analyst, LAN manager, MAN manager, and eventually as a WAN manager. In 1994, she received a master’s degree in business administration (MBA) with a specialty in management information systems (MIS) from York University. Recently, she has been presenting a seminar on behalf of Cisco Systems (Emerging Markets) on the topic of the business case for network security in 22 countries. In 2002 and 2003, Catherine volunteered with the U.N. mission in Kabul, Afghanistan, to train Afghan public servants in the area of networking. Catherine lives in Toronto with her husband. They have two children, who are both attending university.