Contents.Preface. Acknowledgements.1.Introduction..- 2.
Decision-Making in Rapid Assessment and Diagnosis CBRN Effects on
Coastal Lagoons.- Introduction. Decision-making in Rapid Assessment
and Response. . Inventory information, processes, and
infrastructures.Decision-making tools. Modeling.Graphical user
interfaces.Monitoring.Indicators.Assessment tools.. Environmental
Sensitivity Index (ES!).Social Impact Assessment (SIA)..
Environmental Assessment (EA).SEA Toolkit. Decision-making approach
(model).Classical rational decision making model.Organizational
process model.Bureaucratic politic model.Decision-making process
for rapid assessment. Development and implementation of a response
plan (RP).Steps in the response planning process.Roles and
responsibilities.Case Studies. Preparation of a Continuity of
Operations Plan. Conclusion. References.3. Physical Processes and
Modeling. Physical Processes in Lagoons.- Introduction.External
Conditions – Part I. System of coordinates: the rotating Earth.Main
external forcing.Gravity.Tides. Buoyancy. Winds.. Atmospheric
gyres. Local winds.Radiation.Solar Radiation.Water
properties.Structure of water molecule.Water density. Internal
Structure and Water Dynamics - Part II. Stratification.Seasonal
cycle of water stratification.Wind-induced motions.Water exchange
with the sea, tides, river inflows.Gravity currents.Coupling
physics and other rocesses.Conclusions.Important conclusions of
External Conditions.Important conclusions of Internal Structure and
Water Dynamics.Concluding remarks. References. Hydrodynamic
Equations.- Introduction.The Eulerian and the Lagrangian
view.Conservation Laws.Conservation of mass. Conservation of
momentum. The Euler equations.The Euler equations in a rotating
frame of reference. The Navier-Stokes equations. Conservation of
energy.Conservation of salt. Equation of state. Simplifications and
Scale Analysis. Incompressibility. The hydrostatic
approximation.The Coriolis force.The Reynolds equations.The
primitive equations.The Shallow Water Equations. Boundary
Processes. Initial conditions.Material boundary conditions. Open
boundaries conditions. Conditions on the sea surface and the
bottom.References.Monitoring Physical Processes.-
Introduction.Definition and Objectives of Environmental
Monitoring.Multi-purposefulness of Monitoring Activity.Types of
Monitoring. Baseline and Targeted Monitoring from a View of System
Approach.Monitoring Parameters.Spatial Schemes of Monitoring.Types
of Monitoring Measurements .Temporal Schedule of Monitoring.
Monitoring and Short-term Data Collection Dedicated to
Modeling.References. Time Series Analysis of Lagoon Variables.-
Introduction.Lagoon Time Series.Time Series Preprocessing.Time
Domain Analysis.Filters. Frequency Domain Analysis. Spectral
analysis. Harmonic analysis.Summary. Discretization Techniques.-
Introduction.The Basics. Discretization.Requirements.The Decay
Equation — A Simple Example.Basic discretization formulas.
Accuracy. Stability. Inertial Motion — A System of Equations.
Matrices and Eigen values.Various schemes. The Diffusion Equation —
The Spatial Dimensio.First and second spatial derivative. Explicit
and implicit schemes.Stability The von Neuman stability
analysis.The Transport Equation.The FTCS scheme. The forward and
backward scheme.The propagation cone.The leap frog scheme.Final
thoughts.Gravity Waves. Staggered schemes.Stability of schemes.The
shallow water equations.Conclusions. Numerical Models as Decision
Support Tools in Coastal Areas Decision Support Tools.- Decision
Support Tools. Brief History of Modelling Tools. MOHID. MOHID: A
Modular System. Model Module. Introduction.Single model.Nested
models. Bathymetry module.Geometry module.Finite volume.Vertical
coordinates. Hydrodynamic module. Open boundary conditions. Moving
boundaries. Lagrangian module.Tracer concept. Tracer movement.
Turbulent diffusion. Monitoring boxes.Oil module. Implementation
.Oil-beaching.Removal techniques. Waterproperties module.Water
quality module. Surface module.Wind.Heat fluxes.Solar
radiation.Bottom module.Free vertical movement module.Hydrodynamic
file module. References. 4. Effects pf CRBN Agents on Aquatic
Ecosystems. Ecosystem approach for adaptive management of the
coastal socio-ecological complexes.- Introduction.Processes and
Functions.Functional Values and Socio-Economic Valuation.Lower
Danube Wetlands System Case study.Conclusions.References.Developing
the D-P-S-I-R framework of indicators for management of human
impact on marine ecosystems: Baltic Sea example.- Introduction.The
Conceptual Frameworks of Environmental Quality Indicators and
Indices.Examples of P-S-R Indicators for the Main Environmental
Concerns.Eutrophication.Fishery. Contamination by harmful
substances. Oil pollution/marine transport.Invasion of
non-indigenous species.Sanitary pollution. Dredge spoils
dumping.Extraction of sand and gravel.Offshore oil and gas
production. Artificial radionuclides.Coastal degradation. Loss
ofbiodiversity and habitat destruction.Illustrative Examples of
D-type Indicators.Summary and conclusions. References.
Phytoplankton Ecological Processes for Ecosystem Modeling: Some
Basic Concepts.- Introduction.Phytoplankton Systematics and
Functional Diversity. Environmental Factors Controlling
Phytoplankton Biomass.Size as an Alternative State Variable.Further
Readings.Modeling Possible Impacts of Terrorist Attacks in Coastal
Lagoon Ecosystems with Stella.- Ecosystem Organization.Food
webs.Keystone species and reproductive strategies.Mature ecosystems
vs. developmental stages.Ecosystem Succession.Pollutants and
Bioamplification.Coastal lagoons and Water Renewal Rate.Terrorist
Attack Consequences in the Lagoon Ecosystem. Outlines for
Modeling.Ecological Modeling with Stella.Model Development.
Exponential growth model. Logistic growth model. Competition
model.Predation model. Simulation of Different Scenarios.Remarks.
References.Trophic Network Models and Prediction of Toxic
Substances Accumulation in Food Webs.- Introduction.
Bioaccumulation of Toxic Substances in Food Webs.Bioaccumulation
Web Models.ECOPATH. ECOSIM.ECOTRACE. References Assessment of Lake
Ecosystem Response to Toxic Events with the AQUATOX Model.-
Introduction. The AQUATOX Model. General AQUATOX Model Results:
Factors Determining the Aquatic Ecosystem Response. Characteristics
of Fish Species.Timing and Amount of the Chemical.Coralville
Reservoir Example.Summary. References. Chemical Weapons Dumped in
the Baltic Sea.- Introduction. Short history of use of chemical
weapons. Classification and properties of chemical warfare
agents.Chemical warfare agents in the marine environment.Chemical
Weapon. Classification of chemical ammunition. Dumping the chemical
weapon in the world ocean.Chemical weapon dumped in the Baltic
Sea.Immediate effects after dumping.Selected Cases of Contacts with
Chemical Munitions in the Baltic Sea Area.Injuries of children,
1955.Injuries of fishermen, 1997.Research on Dumped Chemical Weapon
in the Baltic Sea.Results of German studies, 1994-1996.Results of
Russian research, 2001. Results of studies in other countries.
New/ongoing research projects.Lessons Learned from Unintentional
Human Contact with Dumped Chemical Munitions. Designing Research on
Dumped Chemical Weapon.Conclusions and Comments.References.
Monitoring After Attack;
N. N. Kazantseva.- Introduction.Critical Points.Chemical and
Biological Monitoring and Detection.5. Case Study: Dieldrin Attach
in Dalyan Lagoon.- Background.Attack Scenario.Description of Dalyan
Lagoon. Organization of teams.Tools and Techniques. The WASP7
Surface Water Body Model.The AQUATOX Surface Water Ecology
Model.The Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code, EFDC.Results and
Discussion.WASP7 Simulation Results. AQUATOX Simulation
Results.Results from Emergency Response Team.Conclusions and
Recommendations.Conclusions from student teams.Post-mortem analysis
of exercise.Final remarks.References.Appendix 1.Appendix 2. List of
Participants.
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