Table of Contents

List of Contributors xiii

Acknowledgements xviii

Introduction to the Second Edition 1
Paul Draper and Charles Taliaferro

Part I: Philosophical Issues in the Religions of the World 3

1 Hinduism 5
Jonardon Ganeri

2 Buddhism 13
Paul J. Griffiths

3 Chinese Confucianism and Daoism 23
Chad Hansen

4 African Religions from a Philosophical Point of View 34
Kwasi Wiredu

5 Judaism 44
Lenn E. Goodman

6 Christianity 59
William J. Wainwright

7 Philosophy in the Islamic Context 67
Aziz A. Esmail and Azim A. Nanji

Part II: Philosophical Theology and Philosophy of Religion in Western History 81

8 Ancient Philosophical Theology 83
Kevin L. Flannery

9 The Christian Contribution to Medieval Philosophical Theology 91
Scott MacDonald

10 The Islamic Contribution to Medieval Philosophical Theology 99
David Burrell

11 The Jewish Contribution to Medieval Philosophical Theology 106
Tamar Rudavsky

12 Early Modern Philosophical Theology on the Continent 114
Derk Pereboom

13 Early Modern Philosophical Theology in Great Britain 124
Geoffrey Gorham

14 The Emergence of Modern Philosophy of Religion 133
Merold Westphal

Part III: Philosophy of Religion and Religious Philosophy in the Twentieth Century 141

15 American Pragmatism 143
Nancy Frankenberry

16 Personalism 151
Patricia A. Sayre

17 Process Theology 159
David Ray Griffin

18 Phenomenology and Existentialism 167
Merold Westphal

19 Wittgenstein 176
John Hyman

20 Thomism 189
Ralph McInerny

21 Natural Theology 196
Brian Hebblethwaite

22 The Reformed Tradition 204
Nicholas Wolterstorff

23 The Jewish Tradition 210
Robert Gibbs

24 The Christian East 217
Paul Valliere

Part IV: The Concept of God 225

25 Perfect Being Theology 227
Mark Owen Webb

26 Holiness 235
Jacqueline Mariña

27 Omnipotence 243
Joshua Hoffman and Gary Rosenkrantz

28 Omniscience 251
George I. Mavrodes

29 Omnipresence 258
Edward R. Wierenga

30 Goodness 263
Paul Helm

31 Simplicity 270
Eleonore Stump

32 Eternity 278
Brian Leftow

33 Necessity 285
William E. Mann

34 Incorporeality 292
Charles Taliaferro

35 Beauty 300
Patrick Sherry

36 Divine Action 308
Thomas F. Tracy

37 Creation and Conservation 315
Hugh J. McCann

38 Immutability and Impassibility 322
Richard E. Creel

39 Providence 329
Thomas P. Flint

40 Pantheism 337
Michael Levine

41 Religious Language 348
Janet Soskice

Part V: The Justification of Religious Belief 357

42 Ontological Arguments 359
Peter van Inwagen

43 Cosmological Arguments 368
William L. Rowe

44 Teleological and Design Arguments 375
Laura L. Garcia

45 Moral Arguments 385
C. Stephen Evans

46 Arguments from Consciousness and Free Will 392
Stewart Goetz

47 Miracles 398
George N. Schlesinger

48 Religious Experience 405
Keith E. Yandell

49 Cumulative Cases 414
Paul Draper

50 Pragmatic Arguments 425
Jeffrey Jordan

51 Tradition 434
Basil Mitchell

52 Fideism 441
Terence Penelhum

Part VI: Challenges to Theistic Belief 449

53 The Presumption of Atheism 451
Antony Flew

54 The Verificationist Challenge 458
Michael Martin

55 Theism and Incoherence 467
Michael Martin

56 Foreknowledge and Human Freedom 474
Linda Zagzebski

57 The Problem of No Best World 482
Klaas J. Kraay

58 The Logical Problem of Evil 491
Michael L. Peterson

59 The Evidential Problem of Evil 500
Graham Oppy

60 Divine Hiddenness 509
J. L. Schellenberg

61 Naturalistic Explanations of Theistic Belief 519
Kai Nielsen

Part VII: Religion and Science 527

62 Historical Perspectives on Religion and Science 529
John Hedley Brooke

63 Theism and Physical Cosmology 539
William Lane Craig

64 Theism and Evolutionary Biology 548
William Hasker

65 Theism and the Scientific Understanding of the Mind 557
Robert Audi

66 Theism and Technology 566
Frederick Ferré

Part VIII: Religion and Values 575

67 The Ethics of Religious Commitment 577
Samantha Corte

68 Divine Command Ethics 585
Janine Marie Idziak

69 Natural Law Ethics 593
Robert P. George

70 Religion, Law, and Politics 598
Paul J. Weithman

71 Theism and Toleration 606
Edward Langerak

72 Sin and Original Sin 614
Philip L. Quinn

73 Atonement, Justification, and Sanctification 622
John E. Hare

74 Resurrection, Heaven, and Hell 630
Jonathan L. Kvanvig

75 Reincarnation and Karma 639
Paul Reasoner

Part IX: Current Trends and New Directions 649

76 Theological Realism and Antirealism 651
Roger Trigg

77 Wittgensteinian Philosophy of Religion 659
John H. Whittaker

78 Continental Philosophy of Religion 667
John D. Caputo

79 Reformed Epistemology 674
Alvin Plantinga

80 Evidentialism 681
Richard Swinburne

81 Feminism 689
Sarah Coakley

82 Philosophical Reflection on Revelation and Scripture 695
William J. Abraham

83 Philosophical Reflection on Mysticism 702
Anthony Novak Perovich, Jr.

84 Religious Pluralism 710
John Hick

85 Comparative Philosophy of Religion 718
Paul J. Griffiths

Resources for Further Study 724

Index 726

About the Author

Charles Taliaferro is professor of philosophy at St. OlafCollege and the author or editor of eleven books, including Evidence and Faith: Philosophy and Religion since theSeventeenth Century (2005). He is on the editorial board of American Philosophical Quarterly, Philosophy Compass, Sophia, and Religious Studies, and has been avisiting scholar at NYU and Oxford, Princeton, and ColumbiaUniversities. Paul Draper is professor of philosophy at PurdueUniversity and a former president of the Society for Philosophy ofReligion. He is the author of the article "Pain and Pleasure: AnEvidential Problem for Theists" in Nous (1989) and theeditor of God or Blind Nature? Philosophers Debate theEvidence (2007). He is editor of Philo: A Journal ofPhilosophy and serves on the editorial boards ofInternational Journal for Philosophy of Religion andFaith and Philosophy. Philip L. Quinn (1940-2004) was John A. O'Brien Professorof Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame, Indiana. He wasauthor of Divine Commands and Moral Requirements (1978) andof numerous articles in philosophy of religion, philosophy ofscience, theoretical physics, religious ethics, metaphysics,epistemology, value theory, political philosophy, and philosophyand literature.

Reviews

“Overall, this work is an effective introduction into an analytical approach to the philosophy of religion, with enough other perspectives included to provide a good starting point for other research. A great textbook for any philosophy of religion or religious studies course, that remains a useful reference point outside of the classroom context.”  (Philosophy, Religion and Science Book Reviews, 5 April 2014) "All in all, specialists and nonspecialists alike will find this guide to the discipline a readily accessible and immensely valuable resource. Summing Up: Essential. Upper-level undergraduates through faculty/researchers." (Choice, 1July 2011)