Foreword by James M. Jones
Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I. Prejudice and Racism: Prevalence and Consequences
1. Understanding Prejudice and Racism
The Problem of Hate
Purpose and Focus of This Book
Some Important Definitions
Understanding Prejudice
Understanding Racism
Chapter Summary
2. Some Historical Background on the Origins and Evolution of
Racial Prejudice
Prehistoric Roots of Racial Prejudice
Origins of Modern Racial Prejudice
Evolution of Racial Prejudice
Implications for Prejudice Reduction
Chapter Summary
3. Causes and Consequences of Racial Prejudice
Racism and White Americans
Racism and the Black Experience
Chapter Summary
Part II. Racial, Biracial, Multiracial, and Lesbian and Gay
Identity Development and the Multicultural Personality
4. Person of Color (Minority) Identity Development, Mental Health,
and Prejudice
Erikson′s and Marcia′s Models of Identity Development
Hardiman′s Stages of Social Identity Development
General Models of Minority Identity Development
Race- and Ethnicity-Specific Models of Minority Identity
Development
Integration of Identity Models and Relationship to Mental Health
and Prejudice
Summary of Research Correlates of Identity Stages
5. European American (White) Racial Identity Development, Mental
Health, and Prejudice
Hardiman′s White Identity Development Model
Helms′ White Racial Identity Model
Ponterotto′s White Racial Consciousness Development Model
Rowe, Bennett, and Atkinson′s White Racial Consciousness Model
Integrative Models of White Racial Identity
Why Is White Racial Identity Development Important? What Does the
Research Say?
6. Biracial, Multiracial, and Gay or Lesbian Identity
Development
Biracial and Multiracial Identity Development
Models of Biracial and Multiracial Identity Development
Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Identity Development
Chapter Summary
7. Multicultural Personality Development
What Is the Multicultural Personality?
How Does the Multicultural Personality Relate to Broader Models of
Personality?
Chapter Summary
Part III. Proactive Roles in Reducing Prejudice
8. Counselor Roles in Prejudice Reduction and Race Relations
Traditional Roles of the Counselor
Counselor Skills and Prejudice Prevention Work
Counselor Roles in Working With Prejudice
Chapter Summary
9. Teacher Roles in Prejudice Reduction
Teacher- and Student-Centered Strategies for Reducing Prejudice
Using Curricula and Instructional Techniques to Reduce
Prejudice
Chapter Summary
10. Parent Roles in Prejudice Reduction
Children and Prejudice
Early Formation of Racial Attitudes and Preferences
How Do Parents, Peers, and Personality Influence Prejudice Levels
in Children?
What Parents Can Do to Promote Tolerance in Their Children
Chapter Summary
Part IV. Practical Exercises for Multicultural Awareness and
Prejudice Reduction
An Orientation to Practical Exercises for Multicultural Awareness
and Prejudice Reduction
11. Race Relations in Elementary and Middle Schools
Exercise 1: The Label Game
Exercise 2: Patterns of Difference
Exercise 3: Symbols of Our Culture
Exercise 4: One Situation But Many Interpretations
Chapter Summary
12. Race Relations in High School
Exercise 5: Being Normal and Being Abnormal
Exercise 6: Stereotypes
Exercise 7: Personal Culture History
Exercise 8: Predicting the Decision of a Resource Person From the
Community
Chapter Summary
13. Race Relations on the College Campus
Exercise 9: A Classroom Debate
Exercise 10: Analysis of a Newspaper Article Through Role
Playing
Exercise 11: Designing a Multiethinic Simulation
Exercise 12: Lump Sum
Chapter Summary
14. Race Relations in the Community
Exercise 13: Critical Incidents
Exercise 14: The Intrapersonal Cultural Grid
Exercise 15: The Interpersonal Cultural Grid
Exercise 16: Outside "Experts"
Chapter Summary
Part V. Instruments and Resources for Prejudice Prevention Work
15. Assessments of Prejudice, Cultural Competence, Stressful
Effects of Racism, Racial and Ethnic Identity, and the
Multicultural Personality
Measures of Racism, Prejudice, and Homophobia
Measures of Multicultural Counseling Competence
Measures of Teachers′ Multicultural Competence
Measures of the Stressful Effects of Racism
Measures of Racial and Ethnic Identity Development
Measures of the Multicultural Personality
Guidelines for Selecting Multicultural Instruments
16. A Race Awareness Resource Guide
National Organizations
Books
Films and Videos
Popular Movies
Working With Films and Books
Chapter Summary
Appendix I: The Quick Discrimination Index (QDI)
Appendix II: Multicultural Counseling Knowledge and Awareness Scale
(MCKAS)
Appendix III: Teacher Multicultural Attitude Survey (TMAS)
Appendix IV: Index of Race-Related Stress–Brief Version
(IRRS-B)
References
Author Index
Subject Index
About the Authors
Joe Ponterotto is Professor and Coordinator of the Counseling
Psychology Program at Fordham University’s Graduate School of
Education. Prior to his arrival at Fordham in 1987, he was
Assistant Professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Active
in APA and ACA, Joe is also the author of numerous journal articles
and books and coeditor of Sage’s Handbook of Multicultural
Counseling.
Shawn O. Utsey, new to the author team on this edition, is the
Chair of the department of African American Studies, director
of the Institute for African American Mental Health Research
and Training, an editor of the Journal of Black Psychology,
and an associate professor at Virginia Commonwealth University and
is the Editor of the Journal of Black Psychology. Paul B. Pedersen
is a visiting professor in the Department of Psychology at the
University of Hawaii and professor emeritus at Syracuse University.
He has taught at the University of Minnesota, University of Alabama
at Birmingham, and for six years at universities in Taiwan,
Malaysia, and Indonesia. Pedersen was also on the summer school
faculty at Harvard University, 1984-988 and the University of
Pittsburgh “semester at sea” voyage around the world, spring 1992.
International experience includes numerous consulting experiences
in Asia, Australia, Africa, South America and Europe, and a Senior
Fulbright award teaching at National Taiwan University 1999-2000.
He has authored, co-authored or edited 40 books, 99 articles, and
72 chapters on aspects of multicultural counseling and
international communication. Pedersen is a fellow in Divisions 9,
17, 45 and 52 of the American Psychological Association.
An impressive, deliberate and problem-oriented Second Edition.
Prejudice has no boundaries and spares no one. Preventing Prejudice
offers hope and resources to all of us, counselors, educators, and
parents. We are all agents of change.
*Patricia Arredondo, Ed.D.*
Ponterotto and Pedersen’s original book was a primer embraced by
professionals and parents alike. It was a call to action, pressing
the reader to DO SOMETHING to effect change. The Second
Edition, with Utsey as a powerful third voice, is truly a new book.
The field has grown, the literature has exploded, yet racial and
cultural prejudice still flourish. This new book expands our
awareness of the problem. The section on the history and
consequences of prejudice is thought-provoking. The introduction of
the Multicultural Personality builds on literature from several
fields. Finally, the authors prompt the reader to apply this
new-found knowledge with age-specific exercises. With this exciting
edition in hand there is no excuse to not DO SOMETHING to reduce or
prevent prejudice.
*Sharon H. Bowman, Ph.D.*
Preventing Prejudice: A Guide for Counselors, Educators, and
Parents, Second Edition is a unique and refreshing book that
tackles two of the most interrelated and problematic issues in our
society: prejudice and racism. The first edition was unanimously
acclaimed as a major contribution to the field and this second
edition is destined to be a classic. It represents one of the most
clear, concise and honest looks at the origins, manifestations,
dynamics and psychological costs of prejudice and racism written
thus far. One of its major strengths is the authors’ ability to
relate these topics to everyday life, to speak directly to
counselors, educators, and parents in meaningful ways, to ground
their concepts in the research and theories of the day, and to give
an uplifting message about what can be done to combat these two
evils. Toward this end they provide specific suggestions and
exercises that can be used by readers to combat their own biases
and to help others as well. Educators wishing to help their
students begin the process of confronting their own biases, parents
who desire to help their children become multicultural citizens of
the world, and counselors who wish to become culturally competent
will find much in this book. This is truly a superb book that makes
a major contribution to the field and should be read by
everyone.
*Derald Wing Sue, Ph.D.*
The distance between aspiring towards human affirmation on one
hand, and legitimate change in the social climate of America on the
other, is paved with the road called rhetoric. Like a forbidden
relationship, rhetoric promises much but delivers very little.
Politicians, educators, mental health professionals, and even
parents use rhetoric because if protects our fragile sensibilities
and disguises our prejudices, biases, and fears around issues of
race, gender, class, sexual orientation, disability, and religion.
Preventing Prejudice: A Guide for Counselors, Educators, and
Parents, Second Edition, helps to close the gap between those two
extremes, and equips us all with a valuable and precious tool for
confronting the many prejudices we often find it difficult to
engage, let alone admit to ourselves. Beyond rhetoric, this text is
an authentic expression and plea that challenges each of us to
build alliances across demographic boundaries in order to fight an
insidious social disease. Drs. Ponterotto, Utsey, and Pedersen
succeed in dislodging us from our comfortable categories of
intellectual, emotional, behavioral, and spiritual apathy, and
invites us to transcend the amount of social disappointment and
despair and strive towards a more hopeful and optimistic
future.
*Thomas A. Parham, Ph.D.*
Preventing Prejudice, Second Edition, is a critical resource
book for educators, counselors, and parents to learn more about how
to handle prejudice, and should be required reading for all of us
who work with diverse populations. I was thrilled to see the second
edition, and was most impressed with the authors’ blend of
scholarship and practical applications. It is a powerful book that
helps us to see that we can make a difference in fighting
prejudice. The authors have significantly expanded on the excellent
first edition in a practical and nonjudgmental way, and most
importantly, provide a concrete and proactive approach to reducing
prejudice. The authors hope that by providing individuals with more
knowledge and an opportunity to practice prejudice reduction, we
can indeed combat prejudice in its many forms. That hope is
realized by this excellent book.
*Nadya A. Fouad, Ph.D.*
In our culturally diverse society, educational and helping service
professionals have a need to understand the complex nature of
prejudice and what may contribute to the prevention or maintenance
of such beliefs. This book provides invaluable information on the
historical and theoretical context for the development of
prejudice, and offers key insights to help professionals understand
counselor, educator and parental roles in the prevention of
prejudice. Furthermore, professionals will find the descriptive
information on exercises, measures, and other resources (e.g.,
books, videos/films, organizations) essential tools in their
efforts to educate and sensitize others about the varied ways in
which prejudice affects our lives.
*Alan W. Burkard, Ph.D.*
Preventing Prejudice, Second Edition, is a tour de force in
understanding the harmful effects of prejudice and racism on
intergroup relations. Thoroughly researched and comprehensive in
scope, this book offers state of the art information on the causes
and consequences of racial prejudice. The authors move beyond
analysis to offer practical solutions for reducing prejudice. One
of the book’s unique contributions to the multicultural literature
lies in the authors’ ability to simultaneously address both
professional (e.g., educators and counselors) and lay (e.g.,
parents) audiences. Without a doubt this book is one of the most
important resources that advocates for social justice and human
rights can own. Preventing Prejudice should be required reading for
all counselors, educators, and mental health professionals.
*Kevin O. Cokley, Ph.D.*
I did not think it was possible, but the Second Edition of
Preventing Prejudice is even better than the first! The authors
have blessed us with a volume filled with relevant information
about the causes and consequences of prejudice and discrimination,
along with proactive strategies for reducing and ameliorating
prejudice. Not only must individuals who are serious about
preventing and eradicating prejudice read this book, but they also
should ensure that it is a treasured work in their collection! The
Second Edition of Preventing Prejudice is destined to be on
everyone’s all-time top ten list of books in the area of prejudice
reduction and social justice action.
*Madonna G. Constantine, Ph.D.*
Preventing Prejudice: A Guide for Counselors, Educators, and
Parents, Second Edition, is must reading for anyone who is
interested in better understanding what they can do to address the
complex forms of prejudice, racism, and other forms of cultural
oppression that continue to exist in our contemporary society.
Ponterotto, Utsey, and Pedersen have truly produced a masterpiece
that highlights many practical strategies counselors, educators,
and parents can do to foster a greater level of social justice and
mental health in our 21st-century, culturally- and racially-diverse
society. If I had to recommend one book for counselors, educators,
and parents to read this year that addresses these issues, this
would be it!
*Michael D’Andrea*
This book is an essential reference for people working in the
fields of multiculturalism, counseling, and education. The model of
prejudice that this book uses reflects the most recent scholarship
on the psychological impact of race and racism. This perspective
considers prejudice not as an abhorrent isolated act or tendency,
but as an expression of an individual’s level of racial identity in
the context of societal racism. This holistic point of view locates
the individual within cultural and societal systems of which he or
she is a part. Individual prejudice and societal racism are
considered together, as are the cost to both to people of color and
to Whites (the latter is frequently ignored). One especially
valuable feature of this new edition is the emphasis on parents and
educators. It opens the book to new audiences, particularly
teachers and parents who have tremendous influence on the formation
of the next generation. It gives added teeth to the word
"preventing" in the title. To the extend that anti-racism education
can be made a regular feature of elementary and high school
curricula, this book may help a student address very serious issues
before they become entrenched in his or her personality. So often,
anti-prejudice training is remedial; this book is extraordinary
because it truly focuses on prevention. In academia, we frequently
lament the gap between theory, research, and practice. These
authors suggest that the ideas put forward are in fact amenable to
practical application and empirical validation and, in each case,
they provide the means to do so.
*George V. Gushue, Ph.D.*
From the Foreword: Cultural diversity and multiculturalism are not
just slogans, they are reality and promise. The first edition of
Preventing Prejudice was a bold and important effort to address
these complex problems. Its success was heralded by the prestigious
award for "Outstanding Book on the Subject of Human Rights in North
America." Ponterotto, Utsey and Pedersen took this outstanding
work, and expanded and improved on it. Preventing Prejudice is
based on theory and research. It is also based on practice and
experience, and it is informed by the people it is meant to reach.
What do people really think, or know or feel? Are you racist
because you are white? Are you immune from racism if you are gay?
Doesn’t embracing your ethnic or racial group make you prone to
bias against other groups? And, therefore, isn’t advocating racial
identity a threat to the very sensitive awareness of others
advocated here? Are you better or worse off psychologically if you
belong to multiple racial categories? And is there a personality
type that supersedes and triumphs over it all? Preventing Prejudice
addresses these questions and issues and many more with direct,
clear and cogent ideas and instruction. The reader will not just
know the answer; she will know what to do about it.
*James M. Jones, Ph.D. *
Drs. Ponterotto, Utsey, and Pedersen have put together a book that
has the potential to make an important impact in our world.
Representing a dramatic improvement over the award-winning first
edition, the authors have written a comprehensive book on prejudice
prevention based on current theories and research in psychology and
education. Remarkably, although reflecting the highest degrees of
scholarship, this book offers easy access to a wide range of
audiences including counselors, educators, administrators, and
teachers. In deed, this book is a must-read for anyone who is
interested in reducing prejudice and all types of -isms (e.g.,
racism, heterosexism, and sexism) in our world.
*Bryan S. K. Kim, Ph.D.*
Readers of the first edition will welcome this extensively revised
and expanded volume, especially the attention given to the
Multicultural Personality. While retaining its foundation in racial
and ethnic identity development, this work equips teachers,
counselors and parents with practical skills to be deliberate and
intentional in preventing prejudice. Readers with particular
interest in biracial, multiracial, and gay/lesbian identity
development will find this book especially helpful in addressing
concerns relevant to those populations. The section on Instruments
and Resources for Prejudice Prevention Work is particularly useful
for professionals working in the area of prejudice prevention.
*Don. C. Locke, Ed.D.*
The Second Edition of Preventing Prejudice: A Guide for Counselors,
Educators, and Parents is a critical reference for those conducting
research and training aimed to understand, reduce, and ultimately
prevent prejudice. Ponterotto, Utsey, and Pedersen provide a
careful review of history, definitions, theory, research, and
application issues. They also add to the focus on racial and ethnic
identity development by integrating theoretical and empirical
developments on biracial, multiracial, and lesbian/gay identity
development. Furthermore, they provide conceptual definition,
elaboration, and operationalization of the concept of multicultural
personality. An important and unique feature of the text is its
presentation of creative exercises aimed to increase multicultural
awareness and reduce prejudice in different age groups. In
addition, the authors provide a rich range of resources for
research and personal development including books, professional
organizations, popular movies, and films as well as selected
instruments to measure critical constructs in the study and
prevention of prejudice. The broad scholarly scope and
applicability of this text is truly impressive
*Bonnie Moradi, Ph.D.*
This expanded and updated version of Preventing Prejudice provides
a wealth of information about the causes, manifestations, and
correlates of prejudice as well as practical suggestions for
activities aimed at reducing or preventing prejudice. Integrating
evidence from a wide variety of sources, it is a valuable resource
for both researchers and educators.
*Jean S. Phinney, Ph.D.*
At a time in the field when everyone clamors to be included in the
discussion about diversity and multiculturalism, Ponterotto, Utsey,
and Pedersen bring us back to our historical roots in this book.
They remind us that to participate in the discourse, discerning the
nature of prejudice and racism and its psychological effects on
ethnic and racial groups is at our core. And, if we fail in our
appreciation of this concept, then our ability to prevent prejudice
becomes suspect.
*Donald B. Pope-Davis, Ph.D.*
This important book is as much about promoting human potential and
dignity as it is about preventing prejudice. The ideas presented by
Ponterotto, Utsey, and Pedersen have implications for the welfare
of all oppressed, disenfranchised, and marginalized people. While
laying a sound conceptual and research foundation, the authors
provide practical exercises and reader-friendliness for a variety
of constituents.
*Charles R. Ridley, Ph.D.*
More than a decade since the publication of the first edition of
Preventing Prejudice, Drs. Ponterotto, Utsey, and Pedersen give a
much needed fresh look at the complexities of prejudice that
continue to plague our society. Their book highlights hands-on
remedies for counselors, educators, and parents. The text provides
outstanding activities and instruction on creating contexts for
change. This book is a MUST READ!
*Lisa A. Suzuki, Ph.D.*
Preventing Prejudice is a must read for anyone dealing with racism
and monoculturalism in today’s society. Theoretically based with
relevant and masterful practical application, the authors provide
teachers, parents, researchers and practitioners the necessary
tools to understand and fight prejudice. I especially like the
application to parents in working with their children around issues
of racism and prejudice.
*Daniel T. Sciarra, Ph.D.*
Preventing Prejudice: A Guide for Counselors, Educators, and
Parents, Second Edition, is a courageous landmark book, in which
nationally and internationally known authors have taken on a
daunting challenge to combat the Hydra of Prejudice that raises its
ugly heads in insidious ways in many painful "-isms." In this
definitive and monumental textbook on prejudice, Ponterotto, Utsey,
and Pedersen have reaffirmed their commitment to enhance their
manifesto of social justice, racial equities, and human rights
through proactive approaches. At the cusp of the new millennium,
when problems of color and culture lines are still causing a
pervasive and destructive American Dilemma resulting in interracial
hate, fears, violence, and people’s abuse, this book is a much
needed and welcome addition to the field of helping professions.
Through their ′tour de force′ of prejudice and quintessential
concepts of multicultural scholarship, these authors have created a
compendium of tools, and a constellation of practical and concrete
strategies that are designed to intervene and prevent the scourge
of prejudice. In Preventing Prejudice: A Guide for Counselors,
Educators, and Parents, Second Edition, the authors have presented
their new ideas on how to combat and prevent prejudice through a
most impressive, persuasive, and systematic manner, written with
rare lucidity, grace, and stunning clarity. It also demonstrates
tremendous depth, perception, and insight into the issues relating
to prejudice and its multiple related problems. This second edition
has been expanded to include many new constructs of paramount
importance from the multicultural personality, leading models of
identity development, and African-Centered Psychology. Preventing
Prejudice reflects a happy blending of didactic and experiential
exercises. Inclusiveness and comprehensiveness are the hallmarks of
this book. It is rich in detail and in many ways it is original,
profound and provocative and destined to become one of the classic
books and shining stars in the galaxy of multicultural counseling.
This is superb, comprehensive, and an indispensable book both for
the novice and the experienced mental health professionals. It will
become a desk reference for many clinicians working with
multicultural populations to provide fascinating insights and
enlarge their understanding about the Hydra of Prejudice.
*Daya Singh Sandhu, Ed.D.*
"The breadth of this book is remarkable, and the authors clearly
took on a daunting task to pull such a considerable range of topics
into one book. As an overview of simply the scope of this social
issue as well as the translation of theory into practice,
Preventing Prejudice is exemplary. Adding this book to the
curriculum for upper level students will clearly bring these issues
to the forefront."
*Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books*
"They [the authors] have greatly expanded the examples of
exercises and activities for increasing multiracial awareness and
sensitivity into four chapters for elementary and middle schools,
high schools, the college campus, and the wider community. Advice
for parents has also been expanded, bringing the books focus beyond
the first edition′s emphasis on the roles of teachers and
counselors."
*Reference & Research Book News*
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