Table of Contents

1. Application of sulphonates as anionic surfactants in household products.- 2. A brief description of the sulphonation processes used for the manufacture of active detergents.- 3. Raw materials quality, storage, handling and safety.- 4. Process chemistry and principles.- 5. Processing equipment.- 6. Product quality, storage, handling and safety.- 7. Exhaust gas and effluent treatment SO3/air sulphonation plants.- 8. Plant start-up/shut-down and operational conditions sulphonation/neutralisation.- 9. Plant instrumentation and control.- 10. Plant location, layout, building structure, plant documentation.- 11. Sulphonation with 20% oleum.- 12. Sulphonation technology as a tool for the educator in preparing case studies and final-year design projects in a chemical engineering curriculum.- Appendices.- Appendix 1 Abbreviations.- Appendix 2 Conversion table for physical properties.- Appendix 3 Safety data and handling of Monsanto vanadium pentoxide catalyst.- Appendix 4 Detailed analytical method references (source Ballestra).- Appendix 5 Sulphonation plant troubleshooting (source Chemithon).