This 2nd fully revised and updated edition provides a comprehensive source of information on the multidisciplinary influences of volcanic eruptions--both destructive and beneficial.
Part I. Origin and Transport of Magma 1. Melting the Earth’s Upper
Mantle Timothy L. Grove and Christy B. Till 2. Migration of Melt
Martha J. Daines and Matej Pec 3. Plate Tectonics and Volcanism
Peter C. LaFemina 4. The Composition and Origin of Magmas Nick
Rogers 5. Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Silicate Melts
and Magma Charles E. Lesher and Frank J. Spera 6. Chemical
Thermodynamics and the Study of Magmas Mark S. Ghiorso and
Guilherme A.R. Gualda 7. Volatiles in Magmas Paul J. Wallace, Terry
Plank, Marie Edmonds and Erik H. Hauri 8. Magma Chambers Bruce D.
Marsh 9. Rates of Magma Ascent and Storage Brandon Browne and
Lindsay Szramek 10. Magma Transport in Dikes Helge Gonnermann and
Benoit Taisne 11. Magma Ascent and Degassing at Shallow Levels
Alain Burgisser and Wim Degruyter
Part II. Eruptions 12. Earth’s Volcanoes and Their Eruptions: An
Overview Lee Siebert, Elizabeth Cottrell, Edward Venzke and
Benjamin Andrews 13. Sizes of Volcanic Eruptions David M. Pyle 14.
Global Rates of Volcanism and Volcanic Episodes Natalia Irma
Deligne and Haraldur Sigurdsson 15. Primary Volcanic Landforms Shan
de Silva and Jan M. Lindsay 16. Calderas Michael Branney and
Valerio Acocella
Part III. Effusive Volcanism 17. Lava Flows and Rheology Andrew
J.L. Harris and Scott K. Rowland 18. Lava Dome Eruptions Eliza S.
Calder, Yan Lavallée, Jackie E. Kendrick and Marc Bernstein 19.
Submarine Lavas and Hyaloclastite James D.L. White, Jocelyn McPhie,
and S. Adam Soule 20. Glaciovolcanism Benjamin R. Edwards, Magnu´s
T. Gudmundsson and James K. Russell 21. Mid-Ocean Ridge Volcanism
S. Adam Soule 22. Seamounts and Island Building Hubert Staudigel
and Anthony A.P. Koppers 23. Basaltic Volcanic Fields Greg A.
Valentine and Charles B. Connor 24. Large Igneous Provinces and
Flood Basalt Volcanism Stephen Self, Millard F. Coffin, Michael R.
Rampino and John A. Wolff
Part IV Explosive Volcanism 25. Magmatic Fragmentation Katharine V.
Cashman and Bettina Scheu 26. Magma—Water Interaction and
Phreatomagmatic Fragmentation Bernd Zimanowski, Ralf Büttner,
Pierfrancesco Dellino, James D.L. White and Kenneth H. Wohletz 27.
Hawaiian and Strombolian Eruptions Jacopo Taddeucci, Marie Edmonds,
Bruce Houghton, Michael R. James and Sylvie Vergniolle 28.
Vulcanian Eruptions Amanda Bachtell Clarke, Tomaso Esposti Ongaro
and Alexander Belousov 29. Plinian and Subplinian Eruptions
Raffaello Cioni, Marco Pistolesi and Mauro Rosi 30. Phreatomagmatic
and Related Eruption Styles Bruce Houghton, James D.L. White and
Alexa R. Van Eaton 31. Submarine Explosive Eruptions James D.L.
White, C. Ian Schipper and Kazuhiko Kano 32. Volcanic Plumes Steven
Carey and Marcus Bursik 33. Tephra Dispersal and Sedimentation
Costanza Bonadonna, Antonio Costa, Arnau Folch and Takehiro
Koyaguchi 34. Pyroclastic Fall Deposits Bruce F. Houghton and
Rebecca J. Carey 35. Pyroclastic Density Currents: Processes and
Models Josef Dufek, Tomaso Esposti Ongaro and Olivier Roche 36.
Deposits of Pyroclastic Density Currents Richard J. Brown and
Graham D.M. Andrews 37. Lahars and Their Deposits James W. Vallance
and Richard M. Iverson 38. Landslides, Debris Avalanches and
Volcanic Gravitational Deformation Benjamin van Wyk de Vries and
Tim Davies
Part V Extraterrestrial Volcanism 39. Volcanism on the Moon Paul D.
Spudis 40. Volcanism on Mercury James W. Head, III and Lionel
Wilson 41. Volcanism on Mars James R. Zimbelman, William Brent
Garry, Jacob Elvin Bleacher and David A. Crown 42. Volcanism on
Venus Mikhail A. Ivanov, Larry S. Crumpler, Jayne C. Aubele and
James W. Head, III 43. Volcanism on Io Rosaly M.C. Lopes and David
A. Williams 44. Cryovolcanism in the Outer Solar System Paul
Geissler
Part VI Volcanic Interactions 45. Volcanic, Magmatic and
Hydrothermal Gases Tobias P. Fischer and Giovanni Chiodini 46.
Intrusion-Related Geothermal Systems James Stimac, Fraser Goff and
Cathy J. Goff 47. Seafloor Hydrothermal Venting at Volcanic Arcs
and Backarcs Cornel E.J. de Ronde and Valerie K. Stucker 48.
Volcano-Related Lakes Pierre Delmelle, Richard W. Henley and Alain
Bernard 49. Volcanic Successions Associated with Ore Deposits:
Facies Characteristics and Ore—Host Relationships Jocelyn McPhie
and Ray Cas 50. Volcanic Influences on the Carbon, Sulfur, and
Halogen Biogeochemical Cycles Pierre Delmelle, Elena Maters and
Clive Oppenheimer
Part VII. Volcanic Hazards 51. Probabilistic Volcanic Hazard
Assessment Chuck Connor, Mark Bebbington and Warner Marzocchi 52.
Volcanic Ash Hazards to Aviation Fred Prata and Bill Rose 53.
Climatic Impacts of Volcanic Eruptions Alan Robock 54. Hazards from
Pyroclastic Density Currents Paul D. Cole, Augusto Neri and Peter
J. Baxter 55. Lava Flow Hazards and Modeling Christopher R.J.
Kilburn 56. Hazards from Lahars and Jökulhlaups Magnús T.
Gudmundsson 57. Hazards of Volcanic Gases Glyn Williams-Jones and
Hazel Rymer 58. Volcanic Tsunamis Simon J. Day 59. Volcanic
Seismicity Stephen R. McNutt and Diana C. Roman 60. Impacts of
Eruptions on Human Health Peter J. Baxter and Claire J. Horwell 61.
Large Igneous Provinces and Biotic Extinctions Michael R. Rampino
and Stephen Self 62. Volcanic Lightning Stephen R. McNutt and
Ronald J. Thomas
Part VIII. Eruption Response and Mitigation 63. Seismic and
Infrasonic Monitoring Stephen R. McNutt, Glenn Thompson, Jeffrey
Johnson, Silvio De Angelis and David Fee 64. Ground Deformation,
Gravity, and Magnetics Jeffrey T. Freymueller, John B. Murray,
Hazel Rymer and Corinne A. Locke 65. Gas, Plume, and Thermal
Monitoring Simon A. Carn 66. Synthesis of Volcano Monitoring John
Pallister and Stephen R. McNutt 67. Volcano Warning Systems Chris
E. Gregg, Bruce Houghton and John W. Ewert 68. Volcanic Crisis
Management Gill Jolly and Servando de la Cruz 69. Social Processes
and Volcanic Risk Reduction Jenni Barclay, Katharine Haynes, Bruce
Houghton and David Johnston 70. Volcanic Risk Assessment Willy
Aspinall and Russell Blong
Part IX. Economic Benefits and Cultural Aspects of Volcanism 71.
Utilization of Geothermal Resources Stefán Arnórsson, Sverrir
Thórhallsson and Andri Stefánsson 72. Volcanic Soils Pierre
Delmelle, Sophie Opfergelt, Jean-Thomas Cornelis and Chien-Lu Ping
73. Volcano Ecology: Disturbance Characteristics and Assembly of
Biological Communities Charles M. Crisafulli, Frederick J. Swanson,
Jonathan J. Halvorson and Bruce D. Clarkson 74. Volcanic Materials
in Commerce and Industry 1285 Jonathan Dehn and Stephen R. McNutt
75. Volcanoes and Tourism Patricia Erfurt-Cooper, Haraldur
Sigurdsson and Rosaly M.C. Lopes 76. Volcanoes, Ancient People, and
Their Societies Payson Sheets 77. Volcanoes in Art Haraldur
Sigurdsson 78. Volcanoes in Literature and Film Haraldur Sigurdsson
and Rosaly M.C. Lopes
Appendix 1: Common Units and Conversion Factors Appendix 2: Catalog
of Earth’s Documented Holocene Eruptions
Haraldur Sigurdsson is emeritus professor at the Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island in the United States of America. He has worked on volcanic processes and the geochemistry of volcanic rocks for over fifty years. His studies have in part been focused on the impact of volcanic activity on human populations, especially his work on Vesuvius in Italy, Tambora in Indonesia, El Chichon in Mexico and studies of deadly gas bursts from Cameroon crater lakes. He has also studied the global environmental effects of meteorite impacts, such as the one that marks the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. His books include Melting the Earth, accounting for the evolution of ideas about formation of magmas and the origin of volcanic eruptions. Haraldur is currently director of the Volcano Museum in Stykkisholmur, Iceland. Bruce Houghton is the Gordon MacDonald Professor in Volcanology at University of Hawaii at Manoa and Hawaiian State Volcanologist and a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand. He is also Science Director at the National Disaster Preparedness Training Center at University of Hawaii. Previously he had a career of twenty five years as a volcanologist in New Zealand, culminating in leading the scientific response to the 1995-96 eruption of Ruapehu volcano. Bruce has published over 220 research papers in international journals and has worked in Alaska, Chile, El Salvador, Greece, Hawaii, Iceland, Italy, Germany, Nicaragua, Thailand and New Zealand. Steve McNutt is a Professor in the School of Geosciences at the University of South Florida (USF). He has worked on volcanic processes using seismology, infrasound, and lightning instruments for over 35 years. He worked half time for the Alaska Volcano Observatory from 1991-2012 and was closely involved in monitoring efforts for eruptions at Spurr, Pavlof, Shishaldin, Augustine, Okmok, Kasatochi, and Redoubt volcanoes. He coordinates seismology research at USF, and presently supervises 3 graduate students and a Post-Doc. His research interests include: 1) studies of source and propagation effects for volcanic tremor, low-frequency events, and explosion earthquakes; 2) volcanic hazards assessments in Alaska, California, and Central America; 3) the mechanical behavior of volcanoes, including periodicity of eruptions, and the effects of earth tides, sea level variations, and tectonic stresses on triggering eruptive activity; 4) volcano infrasound; and 5) volcanic lightning. From July 1999 to July 2007 he served as Secretary-General for the International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior. Hazel Rymer is presently the Dean and Director of Studies in the Faculty of Science and Profesor of Environmental Volcanology.Hazel has developed and championed the use of microgravity as a tool for monitoring active volcanoes. She has used this method to identify sub-surface processes at calderas in a state of unrest and at persistently active volcanoes and this has given geoscientists considerable insight into the range of mechanisms responsible for initiating and sustaining volcanic activity. The technique Hazel pioneered is now the standard method for gravity monitoring on volcanoes; it remains the only way to quantify the sub-surface mass changes that occur before, during and after eruptions. John Stix has studied active volcanoes for 26 years, specializing in volcanic gases, eruption mechanisms, and the impact of volcanic activity. He teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in volcanology, natural hazards, and environmental geology. He also is involved in field courses, where he exposes students to hands-on observations of natural processes such as volcanic eruptions and floods. He has been involved in many training courses and workshops in Canada, the US, and Latin America to teach volcanology. He has collaborated extensively with colleagues in Colombia, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Ecuador in volcano studies and volcanic hazards. From 2003 to 2010 he was the Editor-in-Chief of the Bulletin of Volcanology, the leading international journal related to the study of volcanoes and volcanism. He is currently part of an international team to drill into an active silicic magma body beneath Krafla volcano in Iceland.
"There are many figures, tables, photographs, and charts, many of
them in color in this well-produced second edition...I would
recommend this volume to anyone interested in volcanoes and their
activity." --The Leading Edge
"...provides an in-depth and scientific overview of volcanoes
including how they are formed and monitored, but it also examines
such unique topics as volcanoes in art and volcano tourism...the
most comprehensive referenced book on volcanism that I've ever come
across." --Tundraco
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