Table of Contents

1. Herbal medicine: an introduction to its history

Rima Dada, pooja sabharwal and Akanksha Sharma

2. Use of herbal medicines as primary or supplementary treatment

Rima Dada, pooja sabharwal, Ralf Henkel and Akanksha Sharma

3. Herbal pharmacognosy: an introduction

Kristian Leisegang

5. Overview on the clinical presentation and indications

5.1 Overview on the clinical presentation and indications; Part A

Ismail Tambi

5.2 Overview on the clinical presentation and indications; Part B

Lourens Johannes Erasmus

6. Herbal medicine use to treat andrological problems

6.1 Herbal medicine use to treat andrological problems: Americas

Gustavo F. Gonzales Sr.

6.2 Herbal medicine use to treat andrological problems: Middle East

Roja Rahimi

6.3 Herbal medicine use to treat andrological problems: Africa

Chinyerum Opuwari and Paul Fewou Moundipa

6.4 Herbal medicine use to treat andrological problems: Asia and Indian Sub-continent

6.4.1 Herbal medicine use to treat andrological problems: Asia and Indian Sub-continent: Withania somnifera, Panax ginseng, Centella asiatica

Damayanthi Durairajanayagam and Pallav Sengupta

6.4.2 Herbal medicine use to treat andrological problems: Asia and Indian Sub-continent: Tongkat Ali, Tribulus terrestris

Ismail Tambi

6.4.3 Herbal medicine use to treat andrological problems: Asia and Indian Sub-continent: Eleutherococcus senticosus, Astralagus membranaceus

Chinyerum Opuwari

6.4.4 Herbal medicine use to treat andrological problems: Asia and Indian Sub-continent: Zingiber officinale, Epimedium grandiflorum

Lourens Johannes Erasmus

6.4.5 Herbal medicine use to treat andrological problems: Asia and Indian Sub-continent: Gingko biloba, Curcuma longa, Camellia sinensis

Shubhadeep Roychoudhury

6.5 Herbal medicine use to treat andrological problems: Traditional Chinese Medicine

Xuesheng Ma

6.6 Herbal medicine use to treat andrological problems: Europe

Kristian Leisegang

7. Quality control, extraction methods and standardisation: Interface between traditional use and scientific investigation

Isadore Kanfer and Srinivas Patnala

8. Legal Regulations for the Use of Herbal Remedies

Srinivas Patnala and Isadore Kanfer

9. Herbal medicine and drug interaction

Paul Fewou Moundipa

10. Acceptance of herbal medicines in Andrology

Annie George and Eckehard Liske

11. Current status of integration of herbal medicines in clinical practice and possible development of the market

Samuel Ayodele Egieyeh and Elizabeth Oyebola Egieyeh

About the Author

Ralf Henkel, BEd, PhD, Habil., studied Biology and Chemistry at the University of Marburg, Germany, and obtained his PhD in 1990. Ralf continued his post-doctoral training and obtained his Habilitation at the University of Giessen, School of Medicine in 1998. From 1998 to 2004, he was an Assistant, Associate and Extraordinary Professor, at the Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Germany, before he accepted a Full Professorship at the Department of Urology at the University of Jena, Germany. From 2005 to 2020, he was Professor and Head of Department at the Department of Medical Bioscience at the University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa. He is also Honorary Professor at the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru, and Editor-in-Chief of Andrologia. Ralf has published more than 140 original and review articles as well as 46 book chapters and supervised more than 70 Hons/MSc/MD/PhD postgraduate students’ theses. For his research, Ralf received 16 awards. Ralf has received 26 research grants for numerous research projects to investigate the impact of oxidative stress on sperm functions, DNA fragmentation and fertilization, as well as the effects of Herbal Medicine on male reproductive functions including prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Ashok Agarwal, PhD, HCLD (ABB), ELD (ACE) is the Head of Andrology Center and Director of Research at the American Center for Reproductive Medicine since 1993. He holds these positions at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, where he is Professor of Surgery (Urology) at the Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University. Ashok was trained in Male Infertility and Andrology at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School and later worked as Assistant Professor of Urology at Harvard from 1988 to 1992. Ashok has over 28 years of experience in directing busy male infertility diagnostic facilities and fertility preservation services. He is very well published with over 735 scientific papers and reviews in peer-reviewed scientific journals and is ranked in Scopus as the #1 author in the world in the fields of Male Infertility/Andrology and Human Assisted Reproduction, based on the number of peer-reviewed publications, citation scores (Scopus: 32,432; Google Scholar: 69,225), and h-index (Scopus: 97; Google Scholar: 128). He is currently an editor of more than 40 medical text books/manuals related to male infertility, ART, fertility preservation, DNA damage, and antioxidants and active in basic and clinical research. His laboratory has trained over 1,000 scientists, clinicians, graduate, and undergraduate students from the United States and more than 55 countries. Ashok is the recipient of over 100 grants totaling over 15 million dollars. His current research interests include proteomics of male infertility and the molecular markers of oxidative stress and DNA integrity in the pathophysiology of male reproduction.