Table of Contents

*=New to this Edition
PART I: PHILOSOPHY
Introduction: On the Study of Philosophy
Logical Toolkit:
Writing Philosophy Papers:
Bertrand Russell, "The Value of Philosophy"
Plato, "Apology: Defence of Socrates"
PART II: GOD AND EVIL
A. Why Believe?
St. Anselm, "The Ontological Argument"
St. Thomas Aquinas, "The Existence of God"
William Paley, "Natural Theology"
Blaise Pascal, "The Wager"
Bertrand Russell, "Why I Am Not a Christian"
B. The Problem of Evil
David Hume, "Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion"
Gottfried Leibniz, "God, Evil, and the Best of All Possible Worlds"
John Perry, "Dialogue on Good, Evil, and the Existence of God"
PART III: KNOWLEDGE AND REALITY
A. Plato and the Concept of Knowledge
Plato, "Theaetetus"
Edmund L. Gettier, "Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?"
B. Descartes and the Problems of Skepticism
René Descartes, "Meditations on First Philosophy"
Christopher Grau, "Bad Dreams, Evil Demons, and the Experience Machine: Philosophy and The Matrix"
Robert Nozick, "Excerpt from Philosophical Explanations"
C. Hume's Problems and Some Solutions
David Hume, "Of Scepticism with Regard to the Senses"
David Hume, "An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding"
W. C. Salmon, "The Problem of Induction"
PART IV: MINDS, BODIES, AND PERSONS
A. The Traditional Problem of Mind and Body
Bertrand Russell, "The Argument from Analogy for Other Minds"
Gilbert Ryle, "Descartes's Myth"
David M. Armstrong, "The Nature of Mind"
Daniel Dennett, "Intentional Systems"
Paul M. Churchland, "Eliminative Materialism"
Frank Jackson, "What Mary Didn't Know"
B. Minds, Brains, and Machines
A. M. Turing, "Computing Machines and Intelligence"
John R. Searle, "Minds, Brains, and Programs"
C. Personal Identity
John Perry, "A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality"
Bernard Williams, "The Self and the Future"
Derek Parfit, "Personal Identity"
J. David Velleman, "So It Goes"
Daniel Dennett, "Where Am I?"
D. Freedom, Determinism, and Responsibility
Roderick M. Chisholm, "Human Freedom and the Self"
Peter van Inwagen, "The Powers of Rational Beings: Freedom of the Will"
David Hume, "Of Liberty and Necessity"
Harry G. Frankfurt, "Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility"
* John Martin Fischer, "Responsiveness and Moral Responsibility"
Harry G. Frankfurt, "Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person"
Thomas Nagel, "Moral Luck"
PART V: ETHICS AND SOCIETY
A. Utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham, "The Principle of Utility"
John Stuart Mill, "Utilitarianism"
E. F. Carritt, "Criticisms of Utilitarianism"
J. J. C. Smart, "Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism"
Bernard Williams, "Utilitarianism and Integrity"
Peter Singer, "Famine, Affluence, and Morality"
B. Kantian Ethics
Immanuel Kant, "Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals"
J. David Velleman, "A Brief Introduction to Kantian Ethics"
Onora O'Neill, "Kantian Approaches to Some Famine Problems"
C. Aristotelian Ethics
Aristotle, "Nicomachean Ethics"
* Rosalind Hursthouse, "Right Action"
D. Justice and Equality
John Rawls, "A Theory of Justice"
Robert Nozick, "Justice and Entitlement"
G. A. Cohen, "Where the Action Is: On the Site of Distributive Justice"
John Stuart Mill, "The Subjection of Women"
Debra Satz, "Markets in Women's Reproductive Labor"
Kwame Anthony Appiah, "Racisms"
E. Challenges to Morality
1. Morality and Self-Interest
Plato, "The Republic"
David Hume, "An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals"
David Gauthier, "Morality and Advantage"
2. Subjectivism, Relativism, and Skepticism
J. L. Mackie, "The Subjectivity of Values"
Gilbert Harmon, "Ethics and Observation"
Nicholas L. Sturgeon, "Moral Explanations"
PART VI: EXISTENTIAL ISSUES
Susan Wolf, "Moral Saints"
Thomas Nagel, "The Absurd"
Albert Camus, "The Myth of Sisyphus"
Richard Taylor, "The Meaning of Human Existence"
Susan Wolf, "The Meanings of Lives"
* Thomas Nagel, "Sexual Perversion"
* Alan H. Goldman, "Plain Sex"
Thomas Nagel, "Death"
* Anthony L. Brueckner and John Martin Fischer, "Why Is Death Bad?"
PART VII: PUZZLES AND PARADOXES
A. Zeno's Paradoxes
Achilles and the Tortoise:
The Racecourse:
The Argument Against Plurality:
B. Metaphysical and Epistemological Puzzles and Paradoxes
The Paradox of Identity:
The Paradox of the Heap:
The Surprise Examination:
Goodman's New Riddle of Induction:
C. Puzzles of Rational Choice
The Prisoner's Dilemma:
Newcomb's Problem:
Kavka's Toxin Puzzle:
Quinn's Puzzle of the Self-Torturer:
D. Paradoxes of Logic, Set Theory, and Semantics
The Paradox of the Liar:
Other Versions of the Liar:
Russell's Paradox:
Grelling's Paradox:
E. Puzzles of Ethics
The Trolley Problem:
Ducking Harm and Sacrificing Others:
Glossary of Philosophical Terms

About the Author

John Perry is the Henry Walgrave Stuart Professor Emeritus of Philosophy, Stanford University, and Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, University of California, Riverside and author of Personal Identity; A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality. Michael Bratman is the U.G. and Abbie Birch Durfee Professor in the School of Humanities and Science and Professor of Philosophy, Stanford University. He's the author of Intention, Plans, and Practical Reason and Faces of Intention: Selected Essays on Intention and Agency John Martin Fisher is Chair and Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, University of California, Riverside. He is the author of over a hundred articles in academic journals and books, and the author of six books including: My Way (OUP 2006); Our Stories (OUP 2009); and Deep Control (OUP 2011).

Reviews

"The editors are a trio of superb philosophers with more than 100 years of teaching experience among them. Their experience shines through in the selection of readings, the introductions, and the study questions. This is the best anthology I have ever seen for an introductory philosophy course."--Alfred R. Mele, Florida State University
"This is a superb introduction to philosophy, the best I know. It combines the best of classic and contemporary texts, organized around philosophical problems in a provocative and lively way."--Martha Nussbaum, University of Chicago
"It would be hard for a student to read the section summaries without being sucked into the philosophical debates. The paradoxes and puzzles at the end of the book are terrific."--Sarah Buss, University of Michigan
"A real gem. It combines the de rigueur historical texts with the cream of the contemporary articles that continue work on all the classic problems of philosophy."--Anthony Brueckner, University of California, Santa Barbara
"An introductory text without peer."--Jules Coleman, Yale Law School
"If you're only going to use one book in an introductory course, it should be this one."--Brian Weatherson, Cornell University
"These are the best chapter introductions I have seen in any introductory collection. The book manages to be interesting and genuinely illuminating (even to me), but remains understandable to the first-year student."--Thomas Bittner, University of British Columbia
"This is a terrific anthology, just the kind I like to teach from. It covers all the Big Questions that turn people on to philosophy, with a selection of classic and contemporary readings that are clear and accessible while also being challenging and provocative."--Susan Wolf, University of North Carolina
"This splendid anthology features exceptionally well-chosen readings on philosophical issues that are both captivating and central to the field. In combination with the impressively crafted chapter introductions, these readings provide just the right material for an intensive, state-of-the-art, beginning course in the area."--Derk Pereboom, Cornell University