Table of Contents

Acknowledgements vi

List of Abbreviations vii

Introduction: The Triumph of Politics in Venezuela, Bolivia and Ecuador 1

1 The Military and the Rise of the Left 13

2 The Politics of Mass Protests 41

3 Populism and the Return of the Political 68

4 Personalism, Plebiscites and Institutions 102

5 The Politics of Oil and Gas: Twenty-First Century

Socialism in Practice 123

6 The Fault Lines of Latin American Integration 149

Conclusion 174

Notes 185

References 194

Index 215

About the Author

George Philip is Professor in Latin American Politics at the London School of Economics and Political Science. Francisco Panizza is Reader in Latin American Politics at the London School of Economics and Political Science.

Reviews

"An immense contribution to understanding what is mostdistinctive about the rise of the new left in the region." European Review of Latin American and CarribeanStudies "Brings the region's leftist politics into a fresh and seriouslight. A middle ground for a more objective assessment ofsocialist politics in Latin America was missing - untilnow." Global Journal "Philip and Panizza's highly accessible opus takes a far morenuanced approach to the question of plebiscitary democracy than doUS political scientists." International Affairs "In their highly detailed and perceptive work of comparativepolitical science, Philip and Panizza make it clear that it is timeto begin thinking seriously about a democratic future that looksnothing like we once thought it would." The European Legacy "This book carefully dissects the politics and policies of thethree most prominent radical regimes in Latin America. It isinformative, perceptive and balanced and makes a major contributionto the debate on the nature of the Left in Latin America." Alan Angell, St Antony's College, Oxford "George Philip and Francisco Panizza are to be congratulated onwriting this timely and much needed analysis of contemporary LatinAmerican politics. With their focus on the '21st century socialism'of Chavez, Morales and Correa, the authors locate the return ofpopulism, economic nationalism and anti-imperialism within thehistory of the region and within a comparative overview of the'Pink Tide' of left-of-centre governments of recent decades. Thisbook will be essential reading for all those interested in radicaldemocratic politics." Maxine Molyneux, Institute for the Study of the Americas,University of London