Table of Contents

PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
INTRODUCTION
CHRONOLOGY
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

PART I
Population Health Issues

1. FOOD AND NUTRITION
The Paths to the Discovery of Vitamins A and D (1967)
Impact of Vitamin A Supplementation on Childhood Mortality (1986)
The Nutrition Transition in Low- Income Countries: An Emerging Crisis (1994, Abridged)

2. TOBACCO
The Carcinogenic Effects of Tobacco (1940)
Smoking and Lung Cancer: Recent Evidence and a Discussion of Some Questions (1959, Abridged)
Non- smoking Wives of Heavy Smokers Have a Higher Risk of Lung Cancer: A Study from Japan (1984)

3. DENTAL HEALTH
An Investigation of Mottled Teeth (1916, Abridged)
The Conclusion of a Ten- Year Study of Water Fluoridation (1956, Abridged)
Diet and Oral Health (2000, Abridged)

4. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Mortality in the London Fog Incident, 1952 (1953)
The Removal of Lead from Gasoline: Historical and Personal Refl ections (2000)
Global Climate Change and Infectious Diseases (1991)

5. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Mortality from Lung Cancer in Asbestos Workers (1955)
Diffuse Pleural Mesothelioma and Asbestos Exposure in the North Western Cape Province (1960, Abridged)
Lung Cancer in Chloromethyl Methyl Ether Workers (1973)

6. WOMEN’S HEALTH
Diagnosis of Uterine Cancer by the Vaginal Smear (1943, Abridged)
Introduction of the Pill and Its Impact (1999)
A Global Overview of Gender- based Violence (2002)

7. MATERNAL CHILD HEALTH
Prevention of Infant Mortality by Breast Feeding (1912)
More Folic Acid for Everyone, Now (1996)
A Traditional Practice that Threatens Health— Female Circumcision (1986)

PART II
Diseases, Therapies, and Prevention

8. TUBERCULOSIS
Streptomycin: A Valuable Anti- Tuberculosis Agent (1948)
The International Tuberculosis Campaign: A Pioneering Venture in Mass Vaccination and Research (1994)
The Global Tuberculosis Situation and the New Control Strategy of the World Health Or ga ni za tion (1991)

9. HIV/AIDS
Pneumocystis Pneumonia— Los Angeles (1981)
Cluster of Cases of the Acquired Immune Defi ciency Syndrome: Patients Linked by Sexual Contact (1984, Abridged)
AIDS—The First 20 Years (2001, Abridged)

10. VACCINE- PREVENTABLE DISEASES
Rubella during Pregnancy (1952)
Intussusception among Recipients of Rotavirus Vaccine— United States, 1998– 1999 (1999)
Herd Immunity: Basic Concept and Relevance to Public Health Immunization Practices (1971, Abridged)

11. CANCER
Incidence of Leukemia in Survivors of the Atomic Bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan (1952, Abridged)
Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Hepatitis B Virus (1981)
Malignant Melanoma of the Skin (1987)

12. HEART DISEASE AND STROKE
Epidemiological Approaches to Heart Disease: The Framingham Study (1951)
Strategy of Prevention: Lessons from Cardiovascular Disease (1981, Abridged)
Theory and Action for Health Promotion: Illustrations from the North Karelia Project (1982)

PART III
Improving Public Health

13. MEDICAL AND PREVENTIVE CARE
Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care (1963, Abridged)
Small Area Variations in Health Care Delivery (1973, Abridged)
Quantifying the Burden of Disease: The Technical Basis for Disability- adjusted Life Years (1994)

14. MEDICAL ETHICS AND HUMAN RESEARCH
Ethics and Clinical Research (1966)
Thalidomide and the Titanic: Reconstructing the Technology Tragedies of the Twentieth Century (1999)
Kidneys, Ethics, and Politics: Policy Lessons of the ESRD Experience (1981)

15 GLOBAL HEALTH
A Review of Major Infl uences on Current Public Health Policy in Developed Countries in the Second Half of the 20th Century (2006)
Mortality by Cause for Eight Regions of the World: Global Burden of Disease Study (1997)
Global Health— The Gates–Buffett Effect (2006)

APPENDIX I
APPENDIX II
APPENDIX III
APPENDIX IV
APPENDIX V
APPENDIX VI
APPENDIX VII
NOTES
INDEX
ABOUT THE EDITORS

About the Author

Dona Schneider, Ph.D., M.P.H.,  is a professor and associate dean at the Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy at Rutgers University and the recipient of multiple teaching and service awards.

David E. Lilienfeld, M.D., M.P.H., is an internationally known physician epidemiologist and medical historian. He has published extensively on the history of epidemiology and public health and is the winner of the Society of Epidemiological Research's Professors' Prize in the History of Epidemiology.

Schneider and Lilienfeld are the coeditors of Public Health, Volume One (Rutgers University Press).

Reviews

"A thoroughly engaging book. This is a book to be savored, to be picked up, and sampled from time to time."
*Journal of the History of Medicine*

"Schneider and Lilienfeld have produced a text that captures the enormous breadth of public health over the past century as it expanded its scope from disease and disability to environment and occupational control."
*Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health*

"Twentieth-Century Challenges succeeds the first volume in this set. While volume 1 used selected works from individuals who drove the development of public health, volume 2 acknowledges technical advances, social movements, and the economic developments that drove the discipline. Recommended."
*Choice*

"The editors have assembled a remarkably comprehensive and balanced set of milestone studies and provide insightful introductions to the challenges faced by public health practitioners during the twentieth century."
*Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health*