Foreword.
Preface.
1. Introduction.
Techniques and Methods.
2. Media – Recipes and Preparation.
2.1 Media for Growing and Identifying Fusarium.
2.2 Supplementary Identification Media.
2.3 Media for Isolating Fusarium.
2.4 Media for the Preparation of Natural Inocula.
2.5 Synthetic and Semi-synthetic Media.
2.6 Media for Sexual Crosses.
2.7 Sterilization of Media and Materials.
3. Techniques for Recovering Fusarium.
3.1 Collecting strategy(ies).
3.2 Isolation Techniques – Plants.
3.3 Isolation Techniques – Soil.
3.4 Isolation Techniques – Spore Trapping and Air Sampling.
3.5 Seed Disinfestation.
4. Techniques for Growing and Maintaining Fusarium.
4.1 Vegetative Propagation.
4.2 Preparing Cultures for Identification.
4.3 Single Spore Subcultures.
4.4 Mutagenesis.
4.5 Culture Preservation.
5. Vegetative Compatibility Groups (VCGs).
5.1 History of and Genetic Basis Underlying Vegetative Compatibility.
5.2 Overall Strategy for Determining if Strains are Vegetatively Compatible.
5.3 Recovering and Identifying nit Mutants.
5.4 Typical Pairing Protocols.
5.5 Common Trouble Spots – HSI, crn, and NitMs.
5.6 Characterizing a Population with VCGs.
6. Fertility Concepts.
6.1 Heterothallic, Homothallic and Pseudohomothallic.
6.2 Mating Type.
6.3 Population Effects of Mating Type.
6.4 Male, Female, and Hermaphrodite.
6.5 Crossing Protocols.
6.6 Developing Female-Fertile Tester Strains.
6.7 Species Identification Through Sexual Crosses.
7. Nucleic Acid Analyses.
7.1 DNA Extraction and Purification.
7.2 PCR – Mating-Type Alleles.
7.3 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs).
7.4 Sequence Analysis and Sequenced Loci.
7.5 Genetic Maps.
Taxonomy and Identification of Fusarium.
8. A Brief History of Fusarium Taxonomy.
9. Species Concepts in Fusarium.
9.1 Generic Problems in Speciation in Fusarium.
9.2 Morphological Species Concepts.
9.3 Biological Species Concepts.
9.4 Phylogenetic Species Concepts.
9.5 How Many Strains Make a Species?.
9.6 Species Names.
9.7 Subspecific Terminology.
9.8 A Species Concept for Fusarium.
10. Teleomorphs of Fusarium.
10.1 Taxonomy of Teleomorphs.
10.2 General Teleomorph Characters.
10.3 Sexual Development and Differentiation.
10.4 Spore Killer.
10.5 Anamorph-Teleomorph Connections.
11. Practical Approaches to Identification.
11.1 Overall Identification Strategy.
11.2 The Diseased Plant and Its Geographic Origin.
11.3 Native and Agricultural Populations.
11.4 Culture Preparation.
11.5 The Essence of Morphological Identifications.
11.6 Beyond Morphology – Sexual Cross Fertility.
11.7 Beyond Morphology – Molecular Diagnostics.
11.8 The Special Case of Fusarium oxysporum.
11.9 Differences Between Temperate and Tropical Regions.
11.10 Conclusions.
Species Descriptions.
12. Morphological Characters.
12.1 Macroconidia.
12.2 Microconidia.
12.3 Chlamydospores.
12.4 Other Characters.
12.5 Secondary Characters.
13. Species Descriptions.
F. acuminatum.
F. acutatum.
F. andiyazi.
F. anthophilum.
F. armeniacum.
F. avenaceum.
F. aywerte.
F. babinda.
F. begoniae.
F. beomiforme.
F. brevicatenulatum.
F. bulbicola.
F. camptoceras.
F. chlamydosporum.
F. circinatum.
F. compactum.
F. concentricum.
F. crookwellense (F. cerealis).
F. culmorum.
F. decemcellulare.
F. denticulatum.
F. dimerum.
F. dlamini.
F. equiseti.
F. foetens.
F. fujikuroi.
F. globosum.
F. graminearum.
F. guttiforme.
F. heterosporum.
F. hostae.
F. konzum.
F. lactis.
F. lateritium.
F. longipes.
F. mangiferae.
F. merismoides.
F. miscanthi.
F. musarum.
F. napiforme.
F. nelsonii.
F. nisikadoi.
F. nurragi.
F. nygamai.
F. oxysporum.
F. phyllophilum.
F. poae.
F. polyphialidicum.
F. proliferatum.
F. pseudoanthophilum.
F. pseudocircinatum.
F. pseudograminearum.
F. pseudonygamai.
F. ramigenum.
F. redolens.
F. sacchari.
F. sambucinum.
F. scirpi.
F. semitectum (F. incarnatum).
F. solani.
F. sporotrichioides.
F. sterilihyphosum.
F. subglutinans.
F. succisae.
F. thapsinum.
F. torulosum.
F. tricinctum.
F. udum.
F. venenatum.
F. verticillioides.
References.
Index
John F. Leslie received his Ph.D. in genetics from the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1979 and is currently a Professor of Plant Pathology and Genetics at Kansas State University.
Brett A. Summerell received his Ph.D. in Plant Pathology
from the University of Sydney in 1988 at which time he moved to the
Royal Botanic Gardens (Sydney, Australia), where he currently is
the Director of Science and Public Programs.
Drs. Leslie and Summerell organize an annual Fusarium Laboratory
Workshop in which participants receive hands-on instruction in the
implementation of and the interpretation of results from the
techniques described in this manual.
"The Fusarium Laboratory Manual is a milestone in the study of the
genus Fusarium and will help bridge the gap between morphological
and phylogenetic taxonomy. It will be used by everybody dealing
with Fusarium in the Third Millenium."
—W.F.O. Marasas, Medical Research Council, South Africa
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