Table of Contents

List of Illustrations x

List of Maps xiii

Photo Essay xiv

Series Editor’s Preface xv

Preface to the Third Edition xviii

Conventions Used in the Text xix

Maps xx

PART I BASES 1

1 Lands and Climates 5

2 American Peoples 22

Ancient Peoples 26

Formative Peoples 30

Classic Peoples 35

Aztecs and Incas 47

Less Known Cultures 61

3 Iberia and Africa 68

PART II APPROACHES 93

4 Columbus and Others 97

5 Experiment in the Caribbean 109

6 Military Conquest 126

PART III DOMINATION 141

7 Administration: The Power of Paper 145

8 Church: Friars, Bishops, and the State 171

9 Society: Old Orders Changed 195

10 Economy: Ships and Silver 225

Photo Essay 259

PART IV MATURE COLONIES 275

11 The Seventeenth Century: A Slacker Grip 281

Challenges to Spain 281

Production, Taxes, and Trade in America 297

Indians in the Heartlands: Making their own Space 307

Indians on the Peripheries 316

Africans 322

Women 328

Arts, Formal and Popular 338

Varieties of Mestizaje 346

12 Eighteenth-Century Spanish America: Reformed or Deformed? 349

People, Production, and Commerce 351

Bourbon Revisions of Rules and Principles 364

Society: Change and Protest 374

Creole Self-Awareness: Rejection and Reception of Europe 386

The Eighteenth-Century Balance 395

PART V PORTUGAL IN AMERICA 397

13 Colonial Brazil: Slaves, Sugar, and Gold 401

Explorers, Interlopers, and Settlers 401

Indians and Jesuits 406

Sugar 410

People and Government 415

Outsiders: The Dutch, and Others, in Brazil 419

Movement Inland: Slavers, Prospectors, and Stockmen 424

Seventeenth-Century Society 430

The Indians and Father Vieira 433

Government and Economy in the Seventeenth Century 436

The Age of Gold 444

Pombal and Reform 451

Products of Mind and Sensibility 455

PART VI INDEPENDENCE AND BEYOND 463

14 Independence 465

15 Epilogue 495

Glossary 505

Notes 510

Bibliography 536

Index 563

Chronologies for each part appear after the part-title page.

About the Author

Peter Bakewell is Edmund and Louise Kahn Professor of History at Southern Methodist University and has taught in the US since 1975. His major research and writing has centered on the history of silver mining and related topics in colonial Spanish America. His previous works include Silver Mining and Society in Colonial Mexico: Zacatecas, 1546-1700 (1971) and Silver and Entrepreneurship in Seventeenth-Century Potosi: The Life and Times of Antonio Lopez de Quiroga (1988). Jacqueline Holler is Associate Professor of History and Women's and Gender Studies at the University of Northern British Columbia in Prince George, Canada. She is the author of Escogidas Plantas: Nuns and Beatas in Mexico City, 1531-1601 (2003), and of articles on colonial Mexico.

Reviews

"For its graceful prose, thoroughness, erudition, and meticulously balanced interpretations, Peter Bakewell and Jacqueline Holler's A History of Latin America to 1825 conquers the summit in the field of Latin American history textbooks. This is a masterpiece of historical synthesis." ?Robert H. Holden, Old Dominion University "This readable and accessible text offers a thorough introduction to colonial and independence-era Latin America. Students will appreciate the volume's clear explanation of important terms and concepts and the use of specific events and figures to bring ideas to life. Professors will welcome Bakewell's judicious weaving of historical debates and competing interpretations into the analysis in a way that should connect the volume to supplementary readings. Photographic essays explaining Latin America's spaces and material culture are a welcome addition drawing attention to the importance of geography and material culture." ?Jordana Dym, Skidmore College "A History of Latin America to 1825 offers the most comprehensive treatment in any language of the history of early Latin America. In this book Peter Bakewell does more than inform his readers of the richly complex history of colonial Spanish American and Brazil, he also explains ? with constant verve and remarkable intellectual clarity ?why things happened the way they did." ?Robert Ferry, University of Colorado, Boulder