1: Congo on the Cross-Hair of Communism; 1: Importance of Congo; 2: Castro’s Early Interest in Africa; 3: Lumumba; 2: Cuban Exiles Defend Congo; 4: Why Send Cuban Exiles to Defend Congo?; 5: Katanga Secession; 6: Simba Rebellion; 7: Rescue Operations; 3: Cubans versus Cubans in Congo; 8: Castro Prepares to Invade Congo; 9: Guevara’s Algeria Speech; 10: Castro’s Congo Intervention Fails; 4: Aftermath; 11: Constitutional Deadlock; 12: Revolt of the Mercenaries; 13: Postscript
Frank R. Villafana was born in Havana, Cuba in 1941. He left Cuba in 1960 and went to the University of Alabama, where he obtained his BS and MS in engineering. He worked with Ethyl and Avery Dennison Corporations in the US, Belgium, and the Netherlands. He earned a doctor of engineering degree from Cleveland State University. Now living in the US, he continues to research and write about Cuban history.
-Frank Villafana has brilliantly captured a critical chapter of
Cold War history. One where anti-communist Cuban exiles placed
their lives on the line and changed history.- --Armando I.
Gonzalez, columnist, El Nuevo Herald -Africa was one of the
territories where the Cold War was fought most intensely. It is
known that the Cuban government deployed its armies and its
intelligence services in this battle during almost thirty years.
Sometimes this was done at the request of the Soviets and sometimes
following Cuba's own strategy. What is least known is the
confrontation of Cubans against Cubans in this war and the heroic
role played by some [Cuban] exiles who intended to stop the
conquering spasm of Havana. This book by Frank Villafana places
within the puzzle of history one of the pieces, which was needed in
order to understand this long, bloody, and not exempt of valor,
episode.- --Carlos Alberto Montaner, vice president, Liberal
International -What moves a man to go and fight in another
continent, in a country he knows little about, where the politics
are confusing and the stakes are high? For many years not much was
known about the hundreds of Cuban exiles who fought and died in
Africa in the struggle against communism. Before Castro's move into
Angola, he was already pursuing a strategy to play the conquering
liberator among the newly independent nations of Africa. Fidel sent
over his top lieutenant, but what Che found was a dedicated group
of anti-communist Cuban fighters, recruited by the CIA, ready to do
battle. This is a story that has not been told. Frank Villafana's
book fills a void in the history of Africa, Cuba, and the Cold War.
And it also tells the story of these men, and the cause of freedom
and liberty in Cuba, that drove them to fight another war very far
away.- --Dr. Ramon C. Barquin, president of Barquin International
-[Cold War in the Congo] is also a readable story of adventure and
intrigue. A story even more striking because it is true history.-
--Gerardo E. Martinez-Solanas, Democracia Participativa
"Frank Villafana has brilliantly captured a critical chapter of
Cold War history. One where anti-communist Cuban exiles placed
their lives on the line and changed history." --Armando I.
Gonzalez, columnist, El Nuevo Herald "Africa was one of the
territories where the Cold War was fought most intensely. It is
known that the Cuban government deployed its armies and its
intelligence services in this battle during almost thirty years.
Sometimes this was done at the request of the Soviets and sometimes
following Cuba's own strategy. What is least known is the
confrontation of Cubans against Cubans in this war and the heroic
role played by some [Cuban] exiles who intended to stop the
conquering spasm of Havana. This book by Frank Villafana places
within the puzzle of history one of the pieces, which was needed in
order to understand this long, bloody, and not exempt of valor,
episode." --Carlos Alberto Montaner, vice president, Liberal
International "What moves a man to go and fight in another
continent, in a country he knows little about, where the politics
are confusing and the stakes are high? For many years not much was
known about the hundreds of Cuban exiles who fought and died in
Africa in the struggle against communism. Before Castro's move into
Angola, he was already pursuing a strategy to play the conquering
liberator among the newly independent nations of Africa. Fidel sent
over his top lieutenant, but what Che found was a dedicated group
of anti-communist Cuban fighters, recruited by the CIA, ready to do
battle. This is a story that has not been told. Frank Villafana's
book fills a void in the history of Africa, Cuba, and the Cold War.
And it also tells the story of these men, and the cause of freedom
and liberty in Cuba, that drove them to fight another war very far
away." --Dr. Ramon C. Barquin, president of Barquin International
"[Cold War in the Congo] is also a readable story of adventure and
intrigue. A story even more striking because it is true history."
--Gerardo E. Martinez-Solanas, Democracia Participativa
"Frank Villafana has brilliantly captured a critical chapter of
Cold War history. One where anti-communist Cuban exiles placed
their lives on the line and changed history." --Armando I.
Gonzalez, columnist, El Nuevo Herald "Africa was one of the
territories where the Cold War was fought most intensely. It is
known that the Cuban government deployed its armies and its
intelligence services in this battle during almost thirty years.
Sometimes this was done at the request of the Soviets and sometimes
following Cuba's own strategy. What is least known is the
confrontation of Cubans against Cubans in this war and the heroic
role played by some [Cuban] exiles who intended to stop the
conquering spasm of Havana. This book by Frank Villafana places
within the puzzle of history one of the pieces, which was needed in
order to understand this long, bloody, and not exempt of valor,
episode." --Carlos Alberto Montaner, vice president, Liberal
International "What moves a man to go and fight in another
continent, in a country he knows little about, where the politics
are confusing and the stakes are high? For many years not much was
known about the hundreds of Cuban exiles who fought and died in
Africa in the struggle against communism. Before Castro's move into
Angola, he was already pursuing a strategy to play the conquering
liberator among the newly independent nations of Africa. Fidel sent
over his top lieutenant, but what Che found was a dedicated group
of anti-communist Cuban fighters, recruited by the CIA, ready to do
battle. This is a story that has not been told. Frank Villafana's
book fills a void in the history of Africa, Cuba, and the Cold War.
And it also tells the story of these men, and the cause of freedom
and liberty in Cuba, that drove them to fight another war very far
away." --Dr. Ramon C. Barquin, president of Barquin International
"[Cold War in the Congo] is also a readable story of adventure and
intrigue. A story even more striking because it is true history."
--Gerardo E. Martinez-Solanas, Democracia Participativa
"Frank Villafana has brilliantly captured a critical chapter of
Cold War history. One where anti-communist Cuban exiles placed
their lives on the line and changed history."--Armando I. Gonzalez,
columnist, El Nuevo Herald"Africa was one of the territories where
the Cold War was fought most intensely. It is known that the Cuban
government deployed its armies and its intelligence services in
this battle during almost thirty years. Sometimes this was done at
the request of the Soviets and sometimes following Cuba's own
strategy. What is least known is the confrontation of Cubans
against Cubans in this war and the heroic role played by some
[Cuban] exiles who intended to stop the conquering spasm of Havana.
This book by Frank Villafana places within the puzzle of history
one of the pieces, which was needed in order to understand this
long, bloody, and not exempt of valor, episode."--Carlos Alberto
Montaner, vice president, Liberal International"What moves a man to
go and fight in another continent, in a country he knows little
about, where the politics are confusing and the stakes are high?
For many years not much was known about the hundreds of Cuban
exiles who fought and died in Africa in the struggle against
communism. Before Castro's move into Angola, he was already
pursuing a strategy to play the conquering liberator among the
newly independent nations of Africa. Fidel sent over his top
lieutenant, but what Che found was a dedicated group of
anti-communist Cuban fighters, recruited by the CIA, ready to do
battle. This is a story that has not been told. Frank Villafana's
book fills a void in the history of Africa, Cuba, and the Cold War.
And it also tells the story of these men, and the cause of freedom
and liberty in Cuba, that drove them to fight another war very far
away."--Dr. Ramon C. Barquin, president of Barquin
International"[Cold War in the Congo] is also a readable story of
adventure and intrigue. A story even more striking because it
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