Table of Contents

Part 1: History and Conception of Content Analysis
Introduction
Quantitative Semantics in 18th Century Sweden - Karin Dovring
Towards a Sociology of the Press: An Early Proposal for Content Analysis - Max Weber
A Study of a New York Daily - Bryon C. Mathews
The Scientific Analysis of the Press - Alvan A. Tenney
Propaganda Analysis: A Case Study From World War II - Alexander L. George
Letters From Jenny - Gordon W. Allport
Impressionistic Content Analysis: Word Counting in Popular Media - Mary Angela Bock
Part 2: Unitizing and Sampling
Introduction
"Good" Organizational Reasons for "Bad" Clinic Records - Harold Garfinkel
Effectiveness of Random, Consecutive Day and Constructed Week Sampling - Daniel Riffe, Charles F. Aust, Stephen R. Lacy
The Challenege of Applying Content Analysis to the World Wide Web - Sally J. McMillan
Airplane Fatalities After Newspaper Stories About Murder and Suicide - David P. Phillips
Interaction Process Analysis - Robert F. Bales
Structural Analysis of Film - Siegfried Kracauer
The Agenda-Setting Function of Mass Media - Maxwell E. McCombs, Donald L. Shaw
Part 3: Inferences and Analytical Constructs
Introduction
Contingency Analysis: Validating Evidence and Process - Charles E. Osgood
Four Types of Inference From Documents to Events - Vernon K. Dibble
Politburo Images of Stalin - Nathan Leites, Elsa Bernaut, Raymond L. Garthoff
Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches to Content Analysis - Alexander George
Evaluative Assertion Analysis - Ole R. Holsti
An Ecology of Text: Memes, Competition, and Niche Behavior - Michael L. Best
Identifying the Unknown Communicator in Painting, Literature and Music - William J. Paisley
Wheels of Time and the Interdependence of Value Change in America - J. Zvi Namenwirth
Inferring the Readability of Text - Klaus Krippendorff
Part 4: Coders and Coding
Introduction
Codebook Development for Team-Based Qualitative Analysis - Kathleen M. MacQueen, Eleanor McLellan, Kelly Kay, Bobby Milstein
Coder Training: Explicit Instruction and Implicit Socialization? - Tony Hak, Ton Bernts
The Future of Coders: Human Judgments in a World of Sophisticated Software - Gilbert Shapiro
Comparing Human Coding and a Computer-Assisted Method - Brigitte L. Nacos, Robert Y. Shapiro, John T. Young, David P. Fan, Torsten Kjellstrand, Craig McCaa
Coding Instructions: An Example - Joseph N. Cappella, Danielle J. Mittermaier, Judith Weiner, Lee Humphreys, Tiara Falcone, Mario Giorno
Part 5: Categories and Data Languages
Introduction
Petitions and Prayers: An Analysis of Persuasive Appeals - Elihu Katz, Michael Gurevitch, Brenda Danet, Tsiyona Peled
Changing National Forest Values - David N. Bengston, Zhi Xu
The World Attention Survey - Harold D. Lasswell
Constructing Content Analysis Scales in Counseling Research - Linda L. Viney, Peter Caputi
How Often Is Often? - Milton Hakel
Relative Risk in the News Media: A Quantification of Misrepresentation - Karen Frost, Erica Frank, Edward Maibach
Television Violence: A Coding Scheme - Anu Mustonen, Lea Pulkkinen
The Opinions of Little Orphan Annie and Her Friends - Lyle W. Shannon
Gender Equity in Management Education: Inferences From Test Bank Questions - Randi L. Sims
Mathematics Computer Software Characteristics and Gender - Kelly K. Chappell
A Content Analysis of Music Videos - Richard L. Baxter, Cynthia De Riemer, Ann Landini, Larry Leslie, Michael W. Singletary
Part 6: Reliability and Validity
Introduction
Scott′s Pi: Reliability for Nominal Scale Coding - William A. Scott
Testing the Reliability of Content Analysis Data: What Is Involved and Why - Klaus Krippendorff
The Problem of Validating Content Analysis - Irving Janis
Modes of Observation and the Validation of Interaction Analysis Schemes - M. Scott Poole, Joseph P. Folger
Importance in Content Analysis: A Validity Problem - Milton Stewart
The Gerbner Violence Profile: A Public Debate in Four Parts - David M. Blank, George Gerbner, Larry Gross, Marilyn Jackson-Beeck, Suzanne Jeffries-Fox, Nancy Signorielli
Part 7: Computer-Aided Content Analysis
Introduction
Some Characteristics of Genuine Versus Simulated Suicide Notes - Daniel M. Ogilvie, Philip J. Stone, Edwin S. Shneidman
Analyzing Literary and Non-Literary Texts - Michael E. Palmquist, Kathleen Carley, Thomas A. Dale
CATPAC for Text Analysis: Presidential Debates - Marya L. Doerfel, George A. Barnett
Inferences From Word Networks in Messages - James A. Danowski
Reasoning in Economic Discourse: A Network Approach to the Dutch Press - Jan Kleinnijenhuis, Jan A. de Ridder, Ewald M. Rietberg
Predictions of Public Opinion on the Spread of AIDS - David P. Fan, Gregory McAvoy
Computerized Text Analysis of Al-Qaeda Transcripts - James W. Pennebaker, Cindy K. Chung

About the Author

Klaus Krippendorff (PhD in Communication, University of Illinois, Urbana, 1967) is Professor of Communication and Gregory Bateson Term Professor for Cybernetics, Language, and Culture at the University of Pennsylvania′s Annenberg School for Communication. Besides numerous publications in journals of communication, sociological methodology, cybernetics, and system theory, he authored Information Theory, Structural Models for Qualitative Data, a Dictionary of Cybernetics, edited Communication and Control in Society, and coedited The Analysis of Communication Content and Developments and Scientific Theories and Computer Techniques.

Besides supporting various initiatives to develop content analysis techniques and continuing work on reliability measurement, Klaus Krippendorff’s current interest is fourfold: With epistemology in mind, he inquires into how language brings forth reality. As a critical scholar, he explores the conditions of entrapment and liberation. As a second-order cybernetician, he plays with recursive constructions of self and others in conversations; and as designer, he attempts to move the meaning and human use of technological artifacts into the center of design considerations, causing a redesign of design – all of them exciting projects. Mary Angela Bock is a PhD Candidate at the University of Pennsylvania’s Annenberg School for Communication studying with Dr. Krippendorff. She is a former television journalist whose career stretched from the Iowa presidential caucuses to the Lewinsky hearings to the events of September 11. She studies the impact of convergent technologies on photojournalism and television news within the constructivist paradigm. She has contributed to the Visual Communication Quarterly and has twice received honors for papers presented at conferences for the International Communication Association.