Table of Contents

section one Pathophysiology Michael A. Moskowitz 1 Vascular Biology and Atherosclerosis of Cerebral Arteries 03 Alyson A. Miller, Christopher G. Sobey 2 The Cerebral Microvasculature and Responses to Ischemia 16 Gregory J. del Zoppo, Gerhard F. Hamann 3 Mechanisms of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis 29 Gregory J. del Zoppo, Mary A. Kalafut 4 Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Human Cerebrovascular Disease 44 Allyson R. Zazulia, Joanne Markham, William J. Powers 5 Histopathology of Cerebral Ischemia 68 ROLAND N. Auer 6 Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Ischemia-Induced Neuronal Death 75 Dimitry Ofengeim, Takahiro Miyawaki, R. Suzanne Zukin 7 Apoptosis and Related Mechanisms in Cerebral Ischemia 107 Turgay Dalkara, Michael A. Moskowitz 8 Molecular Pathophysiology of White Matter Anoxic-Ischemic Injury 122 Bruce R. Ransom, Mark P. Goldberg, Selva Baltan 9 Cerebral Ischemia and Inflammation 138 Costantino Iadecola, Takato Abe, Alexander Kunz, John Hallenbeck 10 Intracellular Signaling: Mediators and Protective Responses 154 Valina L. Dawson, Ted M. Dawson 11 Enhancing Brain Reorganization and Recovery of Function after Stroke 162 Michael Chopp, Zheng Gang Zhang 12 Genetics and Vascular Biology of Brain Vascular Malformations 169 Helen Kim, Ludmila Pawlikowska, William L. Young section two Epidemiology and Prevention Philip A. Wolf 13 Distribution of Stroke: Heterogeneity by Age, Race, and Sex 189 Virginia J. Howard, George Howard 14 Epidemiology of Stroke 198 Philip A. Wolf, William B. Kannel 15 Prognosis after Stroke 219 TATJANA Rundek, Ralph L. Sacco 16 Primary Prevention of Stroke 242 Larry B. Goldstein, Ralph L. Sacco 17 Vascular Dementia and Vascular Cognitive Decline 252 Sudha Seshadri 18 Stroke Genetics 268 James F. Meschia, Daniel Woo 19 The Global Burden of Stroke 279 Kathleen Strong, Colin Mathers section three Clinical Manifestations J.P. Mohr 20 Classification of Ischemic Stroke 293 Danilo Toni, Ralph L. Sacco, Michael Brainin, J.P. Mohr 21 Clinical Scales to Assess Patients with Stroke 307 Harold P. Adams, Jr. 22 Carotid Artery Disease 334 J.P. Mohr, Henning Mast 23 Anterior Cerebral Artery Disease 362 John C.M. Brust, Angel Chamorro 24 Middle Cerebral Artery Disease 384 J.P. Mohr, Ronald M. Lazar, Randolph S. Marshall 25 Posterior Cerebral Artery Disease 425 J.P. Mohr, Jeffrey R. Binder 26 Vertebrobasilar Disease 446 J.P. Mohr, Louis R. Caplan 27 Microangiopathies (Lacunes) 485 J.L. Marti-Vilalta, Adria Arboix, J.P. Mohr 28 Cerebral Venous Thrombosis 516 Jose M. Ferro, Patricia Canhao 29 Intracerebral Hemorrhage 531 Carlos S. Kase, Steven M. Greenberg, J.P. Mohr, Louis R. Caplan 30 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 589 Eric M. Bershad, Jose I. Suarez 31 Arteriovenous Malformations and Other Vascular Anomalies 616 Christian Stapf, J.P. Mohr, Andreas Hartmann, Henning Mast, Alexander Khaw, Jae H. Choi, John Pile-Spellman 32 Spinal Cord Ischemia 643 Joshua Z. Willey, Henry J.M. Barnett, J.P. Mohr section four Specific Medical Diseases and Stroke J.P. Mohr 33 Arterial Dissections and Fibromuscular Dysplasia 661 Richard M. Zweifler, Gerald Silverboard 34 Collagen Vascular and Infectious Diseases 687 Sachin Agarwal, J.P. Mohr, Mitchell S.V. Elkind 35 Moyamoya Disease 703 Masahiro Yasaka, Junichi Masuda, Jun Ogata, Takenori Yamaguchi 36 Migraine and Stroke 720 Hans C. Diener, Tobias Kurth 37 Hypertensive Encephalopathy 734 Catherine Lamy, Jean-Louis Mas 38 Atherosclerotic Disease of the Proximal Aorta 741 Marco R. Di Tullio, Shunichi Homma 39 CADASIL: Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy 758 Hugues Chabriat, Anne Joutel, Elisabeth Tournier-Lasserve, Marie-Germaine Bousser 40 Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndromes 765 Aneesh B. Singhal, Anne Ducros 41 Coagulation Abnormalities in Stroke 772 Bruce M. Coull, Kendra Drake 42 Stroke and Substance Abuse 790 John C.M. Brust 43 Cardiac Diseases 814 David M. Greer, Shunichi Homma, Karen L. Furie section five Diagnostic Studies Rudiger von Kummer 44 Ultrasonography 831 Stephen Meairs, Michael Hennerici, J.P. Mohr 45 Computed Tomography-Based Evaluation of Cerebrovascular Disease 870 Imanuel Dzialowski, Volker Puetz, Rudiger von Kummer 46 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cerebrovascular Diseases 882 Steven Warach, Alison E. Baird, Krishna A. Dani, Max Wintermark, Chelsea S. Kidwell 47 Cerebral Angiography 910 Ronald J. Sattenberg, Jeffrey L. Saver, Y. Pierre Gobin, David S. Liebeskind section six Therapy Part A: Medical Therapy James C. Grotta 48 Prehospital and Emergency Department Care of the Patient with Acute Stroke 929 Opeolu Adeoye, Arthur Pancioli 49 Intravenous Thrombolysis 945 Wendy Brown, Lama Al-Khoury, Gilda Tafreshi, Patrick D. Lyden 50 Antithrombotic Therapy for Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke 971 Harold P. Adams, Jr., Patricia H. Davis 51 General Stroke Management and Stroke Units 992 Markku Kaste, Risto O. Roine 52 Critical Care of the Patient with Acute Stroke 1008 Jennifer Diedler, Marek Sykora, Werner Hacke 53 Pharmacologic Modification of Acute Cerebral Ischemia 1049 Nicole R. Gonzales, James C. Grotta 54 Treatment of "Other" Stroke Etiologies 1084 Scott E. Kasner, Brett L. Cucchiara 55 Medical Therapy of Intracerebral and Intraventricular Hemorrhage 1106 Lewis B. Morgenstern, Darin B. Zahuranec 56 Rehabilitation and Recovery of the Patient with Stroke 1116 Bruce H. Dobkin 57 Enhancing Stroke Recovery with Cellular Therapies 1134 Sean I. Savitz 58 Antiplatelet Therapy for Secondary Prevention of Stroke 1147 Mar Castellanos, Babette B. Weksler, Oscar R. Benavente 59 Secondary Prevention of Cardioembolic Stroke 1173 Maria I. Aguilar, Oscar R. Benavente 60 Conduct of Stroke-Related Clinical Trials 1192 Barbara C. Tilley, Yuko Y. Palesch Part B: Interventional Therapy Rudiger von Kummer 61 Interventional Neuroradiologic Therapy of Atherosclerotic Disease and Vascular Malformations 1204 J Mocco, Stanley H. Kim, Bernard R. Bendok, Alan S. Boulos, L. Nelson Hopkins, Elad I. Levy 62 Intraarterial Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke 1227 Anthony J. Furlan, Jitendra Sharma, Randall Higashida 63 Endovascular Treatment of Cerebral Aneurysms 1241 Ajay K. Wakhloo, Matthew J. Gounis, Michael J. De Leo III 64 Interventional Therapy of Brain and Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations 1255 Timo Krings, Sasikhan Geibprasert, Karel ter Brugge 65 Dural Arteriovenous Malformations 1280 J. Paul Elliott, Daniel Huddle, Issam A. Awad Part C: Surgical Therapy Marc R. Mayberg 66 Genetics of Aneurysms and Arteriovenous Malformations 1292 Ynte M. Ruigrok, CATHARINA J.M. Klijn 67 Anterior Circulation Aneurysms 1301 Brian V. Nahed, Christopher S. Ogilvy 68 Surgical Management of Posterior Circulation Aneurysms 1322 Mark J. Dannenbaum, Rose Du, Arthur L. Day 69 Surgery for Intracerebral Hemorrhage 1336 Alexander David Mendelow, BARBARA A. GREGSON 70 Intraventricular Hemorrhage 1349 J. Max Findlay 71 Surgical Decision Making, Techniques, and Periprocedural Care of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations 1358 Robert M. Starke, Ricardo J. Komotar, E. Sander Connolly 72 Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations 1366 Shervin R. Dashti, Louis J. Kim, Udaya K. Kakarla, Min S. Park, Michael F. Stiefel, Robert F. Spetzler 73 Radiosurgery for Arteriovenous Malformations 1374 William A. Friedman, Frank J. Bova 74 Cerebral Cavernous Malformations and Venous Anomalies: Diagnosis, Natural History, and Clinical Management 1388 Christopher S. Eddleman, H. Hunt Batjer, Issam A. Awad 75 Indications for Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients with Symptomatic Stenosis 1398 Jonathan L. Brisman, Marc R. Mayberg 76 Surgical Management of Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis 1403 Mohamed Samy Elhammady, Roberto C. Heros, Jacques J. Morcos 77 Extracranial to Intracranial Bypass for Cerebral Ischemia 1417 David W. Newell, Marcelo D. Vilela 78 Cerebral Infarction: Surgical Treatment 1426 Eric Juttler, Werner Hacke 79 Cerebellar Infarction and Hemorrhage 1440 Tetsuyoshi Horiuchi, Kazuhiro Hongo, Shigeaki Kobayashi Index 1447

About the Author

Professor of Neurology, Chairman, Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston; Director, Stroke Program, Memorial Hermann - Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX

Reviews

"Authoritative, eminently readable, and current."-Journal of Neurosurgery "[F]or depth of coverage of individual subjects and as a reference for cerebrovascular diseases, [Stroke] has become the standard."-Annals of Internal Medicine "Should be part of the libraries of all [those] who deal with cerebrovascular disease." -JAMA "Updating such a big reference work is a huge task, and by and large the editors have succeeded in their task. They have assembled many very distinguished authors and put together a pretty comprehensive reference work." -Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry Reviews of previous edition.