Table of Contents

List of Figures, Tables, and Maps vii

Notes on Contributors viii

Introduction 1
Thomas H. Holloway

1 Early Population Flows in the Western Hemisphere 10
Tom D. Dillehay

2 Mesoamerica 28
John Monaghan and Andrew R. Wyatt

3 Tradition and Change in the Central Andes 42
Jeffrey Quilter

4 Portuguese and Spaniards in the Age of European Expansion 58
William D. Phillips, Jr. and Carla Rahn Phillips

5 Exploration and Conquest 73
Patricia Seed

6 Colonial Brazil (1500–1822) 89
Hal Langfur

7 Institutions of the Spanish American Empire in the Hapsburg Era 106
Susan Elizabeth Ramírez

8 Indigenous Peoples in Colonial Spanish American Society 124
Kevin Terraciano

9 Slavery in the Americas 146
Franklin W. Knight

10 Religion, Society, and Culture in the Colonial Era 162
Rachel Sarah O’Toole

11 Imperial Rivalries and Reforms 178
John Fisher

12 The Process of Spanish American Independence 195
Jaime E. Rodríguez O.

13 New Nations and New Citizens: Political Culture in Nineteenth-century Mexico, Peru, and Argentina 215
Sarah C. Chambers

14 Imperial Brazil (1822–89) 230
Judy Bieber

15 Abolition and Afro-Latin Americans 247
Aline Helg

16 Land, Labor, Production, and Trade: Nineteenth-century Economic and Social Patterns 264
Aldo A. Lauria-Santiago

17 Modernization and Industrialization 285
Colin M. Lewis

18 Practical Sovereignty: The Caribbean Region and the Rise of US Empire 307
Mary A. Renda

19 The Mexican Revolution 330
Adrian A. Bantjes

20 Populism and Developmentalism 347
Joel Wolfe

21 The Cuban Revolution 365
Luis Martínez-Fernández

22 The National Security State 386
David R. Mares

23 Central America in Upheaval 406
Julie A. Charlip

24 Culture and Society: Latin America since 1900 424
Robert McKee Irwin

25 Environmental History of Modern Latin America 443
Lise Sedrez

26 Women, Gender, and Family in Latin America, 1820–2000 461
Nara Milanich

27 Identity, Ethnicity, and “Race” 480
Peter Wade

28 Social and Economic Impact of Neoliberalism 494
Duncan Green

Index 512

About the Author

Thomas H. Holloway is Professor of Latin American History at the University of California at Davis, where he was Director of the Hemispheric Institute on the Americas from 2000 to 2007. He served as President of the Latin American Studies Association, 2000-01, and Executive Secretary of the Conference on Latin American History, 2002-07. He has taught widely on Latin American history since 1974. His research focuses mainly on the social and economic history of Brazil. His previous books include Immigrants on the Land: Coffee and Society in São Paulo, 1886-1934 (1980) and Policing Rio de Janeiro: Repression and Resistance in a 19th-century city (1993).

Reviews

"For many readers, this work will prove helpful in engendering abroader understanding of the layers, complexities, and array ofapproaches in studies of Latin America. Summing Up: Highlyrecommended." ( CHOICE, February 2009) "Blackwell is to be congratulated on offering a comprehensivereview drawing together the disparate threads of the history of themany nations which make up the southern half of the Americancontinent .For the undergraduate student of the generalreader seeking a handy overview to the history of the region thepresent volume provides an excellent introduction." (ReferenceReviews, Issue 7 2008) "The 30 scholars who contributed these 28 essays coveringprehistoric times to the present represent the fields ofanthropology, archaeology, ethnography, gender studies, history,political science, and Spanish. They furnish readers with anexcellent addition to the body of works exploring Latin America.Entries are ordered logically and pragmatically and lend structureto a comprehensive approach to the study of Latin America. Thiswork treats Brazil as a distinctive entity and explores women,gender, family, and modern environmental history. The editoraddresses the appropriateness of the descriptor "Latin America."The inclusion of these elements is timely, lending to thecompleteness of coverage. The maps are important to the few entriesthat include them and provide the reader with graphical data.However, the small size and indiscernible formatting of the mapsundermines their potential usefulness. Because of the scholarlytone and depth of information provided in each entry, readers whoalready have a foundational knowledge of the region will extractthe greatest benefit. Nevertheless, for many readers, this workwill prove helpful in engendering a broader understanding of thelayers, complexities, and array of approaches in studies of LatinAmerica. Summing Up: Highly recommended. Upper-divisionundergraduates and above." (A. G. Garza, California StateUniversity, Stanislaus, Choice, February 2008) "This volume is an accessible and welcome contribution to thegeneral field of Latin American Studies. Overall, the volume isexcellent with just the right mix of generalization andparticularity. This volume is smartly structured, well informed,and written by top scholars in the field." (The Americas:Quarterly Review of Inter-American Cultural History, April2007)