Table of Contents

Part I Regional language in Europe: Basque in Spain and France, J. Cenoz; Welsh in Great Britain, C. Williams; Scottish Gaelic in Great Britain, B. Robertson; Frisian in the Netherlands, D. Gorter, A. Riermersma and J. Ytsma; Slovenian in Austria with a focus on Charinthia, B. Busch; Swedish in Finland A-L Ostern; national minority languages in Sweden, L. Huss. Part II Immigrant languages in Europe: Immigrant languages in Sweden, S. Boyd; immigrant languages in Germany, with a focus on Hamburg and Hessen, I. Gogolin and H. Reich; immigrant languages in the Netherlands, T. van der Avoird, P. Broeder and G. Extra; community languages in Great Britain, V. Edwards and E. Reid; immigrant language in France, D. Caubet and G. Vermes; Arabic in Spain, B. Lopez Garcia and L. Mijares Molina; Roma in Europe, P. Bakker. Part III Outlook from abroad: multingualism and multiculturalism in Canada, J. Edwards; Spanish in the USA, with a foucs on California, R. Macias; majority and minority languages in South Africa, N. Alexander; immigration and language policy in Australia, U. Ozolins and M. Clyne; linguistic minorities in India, A. Choudhry; languages in Turkey, K. Yamur; languages in Morocco, J. Saib.

About the Author

Guus Extra is director of Babylon, Center for Studies of Multilingualism in the Multicultural Society at Tilburg University (the Netherlands) and professor of language and minorities at the same university.Durk Gorter is head of the Social Sciences research group at the Fryske Akademy/Universiteit van Amsterdam and part-time professor of Frisian sociolinguistics at the Universiteit van Amsterdam. He has published on the sociolinguistics of Frisian, minority languages in Europe, trilingual education and language policy.The articles are written by experts on sociolinguistics and applied linguistics who are all involved in the study of multilingualism in its social context.