Preface and Acknowledgments
Introduction
1 Toward a Theoretical Framework of Cyberwars
2 Cyberwars and International Politics
3 U.S. Cyberoperations in the Middle East
4 Russian Trolls, Islam, and the Middle East
5 Cyberwars and Regional Politics
6 Arab Hackers and Electronic Armies
Conclusion
Appendix: Selected List of Arab Hacking Groups
Notes
References
AHMED AL-RAWI is an assistant professor of news, social media, and public communication at the School of Communication at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia. He is the director of the Disinformation Project that empirically examines fake news discourses in Canada on social media and news media. Al-Rawi previously worked as a communication officer for the International Committee of the Red Cross in Iraq. He is the author of several books including News 2.0: Journalists, Audiences and News on Social Media.
"Cyberwars in the Middle East offers a much-needed and astute take
on the increasingly crucial role hacking and cyberoperations are
playing across the Middle East. With empirical breadth and
assiduous attention to detail Al-Rawi documents the multiple forms
of ‘online political disruption’ that have become an inextricable
part of the new digital authoritarianism that has arisen in the
post-Arab Uprising milieu. A hugely important read."
*author of Political Repression in Bahrain*
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