Table of Contents

I. The Meaning of Classification 1. A Few Definitions 2. The Relevance of Systematics 3. The Importance and Universality of Classification 4. Characters II. Different Approaches to Biological Classification 5. The Anatomy of Classification and the Artificial Approach 6. Natural and Phyletic Approaches 7. Phenetic Approach 8. Cladistic Approach 9. Evaluation of the Three Major Approaches III. Concepts of Categories 10. The Taxonomic Hierarchy 11. Species 12. Subspecies, Variety and Form 13. Genus 14. Family and Higher Categories IV. Types of Data 15. Morphology 16. Anatomy 17. Embryology 18. Palynology 19. Cytology 20. Genetics and Cytogenetics 21. Chemistry 22. Reproductive Biology 23. Ecology V. Handling of Data 24. Gathering of Data 25. Presentation of Data