List of Maps Preface Acknowledgments PART FOUR REVOLUTIONARY EUROPE, 1789–1850 Chapter 12 The French Revolution
The Old Regime in Crisis
The First Stages of the Revolution
Consolidating the Revolution
War and the Second Revolution
The Final Stages of the Revolution
Perspectives on the French Revolution
Chapter 13 Napoleon and EuropeNapoleon’s Rise to Power
Consolidation of Power
The Foundations of the French Empire
The Tide Turns against Napoleon
Monarchical Restoration and Napoleon’s Return
Napoleon’s Legacy
Chapter 14 The Industrial RevolutionPreconditions for Transformation
A Variety of National Industrial Experiences
The Middle Classes
Middle-Class Culture
The Ambiguities of Liberalism: Voluntarism versus State Intervention
Impact of the Industrial Revolution
Industrial Work and Workers
The Origins of European Socialism
Conclusion
Chapter 15 Liberal Challenges to Restoration EuropeThe Post-Napoleonic Settlement
Restoration Europe
Liberalism
Romanticism
Stirrings of Revolt
Other Liberal Assaults on the Old Order
Nationalist Dreams
Crisis and Compromise in Great Britain
Conclusion
Chapter 16 The Revolutions of 1848Revolutionary Mobilization
The Elusive Search for Revolutionary Consensus
Counter-Revolution
The Legacy of 1848
PART FIVE THE AGE OF MASS POLITICS Chapter 17 The Era of National UnificationThe Political Unification of Italy
The Unification of Germany
National Awakenings in the Habsburg Lands
Conclusion
Chapter 18 The Dominant Powers in the Age of Liberalism: Parliamentary Britain, Tsarist Russia, and Republican FranceVictorian Britain
Tsarist Russia
France: Second Empire and Third Republic
Republican France
Conclusion
Chapter 19 Rapid Industrialization and Its Challenges, 1870–1914The Second Industrial Revolution
Social Change
Cultural Changes: Education and Religion
The Consumer Explosion
Conclusion
Chapter 20 Political and Cultural Responses to a Rapidly Changing WorldState Social Reform
Cultural Ferment
Conclusion
Chapter 21 The Age of Europe an ImperialismFrom Colonialism to Imperialism
The “New Imperialism” and the Scramble for Africa
The Europe an Powers in Asia
Domination of Indigenous Peoples
Assessing the Goals of Europe an Imperialism
Conclusion
PART SIX CATACLYSM Chapter 22 The Great WarEntangling Alliances
The Europe of Two Armed Camps, 1905–1914
The Final Crisis
The Outbreak of War
The Changing Nature of War
The War Rages On
The Final Stages of the War
The Impact of the War
Conclusion
Chapter 23 Revolutionary Russia and the Soviet UnionWar and Revolution
The October Revolution
Civil War
The Soviet Union
Chapter 24 The Elusive Search for Stability in the 1920sThe End of the War
National and Ethnic Challenges
Economic and Social Instability
Political Instability
Artists and Intellectuals in the Waste Land
Chapter 25 The Europe of Economic Depression and DictatorshipEconomies in Crisis
The Dynamics of Fascis
The Third Reich
The Soviet Union under Stalin
The Spanish Civil War
Conclusion
Chapter 26 World War IIThe Coming of World War II
The War in Europe Begins
A Global War
Hitler’s Europe
The Tide Turns
Allied Victory
Conclusion
PART SEVEN EUROPE IN THE POST-WAR ERA Chapter 27 Rebuilding Divided EuropeIn the Wake of Devastation
Economic Recovery and Prosperity, the Welfare State, and European Economic Cooperation
Politics in the West in the Post-War Era
Political Realignments
Changing Contours of Life
Conclusion
Chapter 28 The Cold War and the End of European EmpiresCold War
Decolonization
Conclusion
Chapter 29 Transitions to Democracy and the Collapse of CommunismPolitics in a Changing Western World
Religious and Ethnic Conflicts
The Fall of Communism
Conclusion
Chapter 30 Global Challenges: “Fortress Europe,” European Cooperation, and the Uncertainties of a New AgeImmigration to Europe
European Community, European Union
Opposition to Globalization
The Threat of Terrorism
Conclusion
Further Readings Credits IndexJohn Merriman is the Charles Seymour Professor of History at Yale University. A specialist in nineteenth century French history, Merriman earned his Ph. D at the University of Michigan. He is the author of many books, including The Margins of City Life: Explorations on the French Urban Frontier, 1815–1851; Red City: Limoges and the French Nineteenth Century; The Agony of the Republic: The Repression of the Left in Revolutionary France, 1848–1851; and, most recently, The Stones of Balazuc: A French Village in Time (Norton, 2002). He regularly teaches the survey of modern European history at Yale.
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