Table of Contents

1. What Is the South?
ESSAYS
W. J. Cash, The Continuity of Southern History
C. Vann Woodward, The Discontinuity of Southern History
David L. Smiley, Quest for a Central Theme
John B. Boles, The Difficulty of Consensus on the South
2. Settlement of Red, White, and Black
DOCUMENTS
Captain John Smith Describes the Natives of Virginia, 1612
Nathaniel Bacon''s Rebellion in Virginia, 1675-1676
Virginia''s Statutes, 1630-1705
Chevalier d''Iberville Explores the Gulf South, 1699
South Carolina Restricts the Liberties of Slaves, 1740
ESSAYS
Kathleen M. Brown, Gender and Race in Colonial Virginia
Daniel H. Usner, Jr., Trade and Settlement in the Lower Mississippi Valley
3. The Maturing of the Colonial South
DOCUMENTS
Elizabeth Sprigs Describes Harsh Conditions of Servitude, 1756
Eliza Lucas Writes on Love and Business, 1740, 1741
The Debate over Slavery in Georgia, 1735-1750
Runaway Slave Advertisements from South Carolina, 1743-1784
Merchant Robert Pringle Observes Life and Trade in Charleston, 1739-1743
Reverend Charles Woodmason Decries the Wild Peoples" of the Carolina Backcountry, 1768
"We Are Free-Men...Not born Slaves": Grievances from the Backcountry, 1767
ESSAYS
Lorena S. Walsh, How Tobacco Production Shaped Slave Life in the Chesapeake
Jack P. Greene, Georgia''s Attempt to Become a Viable Colony
4. The Revolutionary South and Its Aftermath
DOCUMENTS
Two Attempts at Converting the Carolina Backcountry, 1775
Lord Dunmore''s Proclamation Freeing Virginia''s Slaves, 1775
Thomas Jefferson on the Defection of His Slaves to the British, 1781
Thomas Jefferson''s Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom in Virginia, 1777
Eliza Wilkinson''s Thoughts on Women and War, 1779
Colonel David Fanning''s Memoirs of a Loyalist, 1781
Constitutional Clauses Refering to Slavery, 1787
ESSAYS
Sylvia R. Frey, The Impact of African American Resistance During the War
Rachel N. Klein, Who Should Rule at Home? The Revolution in the Carolina Backcountry
5. The Emergance of Southern Nationalism
DOCUMENTS
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolves, 1798, 1799
The Richmond Virginian Calls for Tighter Controls of Blacks, 1808
Southern Congressmen Defend Slavery in Missouri, 1820
Margaret Trimble McCue Wants to Live in a Free State, 1820
The Supreme Court Addresses Removal of the Indians from Georgia, 1831
The Nullification Crisis in South Carolina, 1832
John C. Calhoun Defends Slavery, 1837
ESSAYS
Don E. Fehrenbacher, The Missouri Controversy: A Critical Moment in Southern Sectionalism
Pauline Maier, The Road Not Taken: Nullification, John C. Calhoun, and the Revolutionary Tradition in South Carolina
6. The Slaveholders'' South
DOCUMENTS
The Cotton South (map)
Joseph G. Baldwin Examines Frontier Law in Alabama and Mississippi, 1835-1837
Cotton Planter Bennett Barrow Describes Life in Louisiana, 1838, 1839, 1841
Two Plantation Site Plans in Georgia and Alabama (maps)
Experiences of William Johnson, a Free Black, in Natchez, Mississippi, 1838-1842
Excerpts from Charles Manigault''s Plantation Journal and Letter, 1833-1853
ESSAYS
Mark M. Smith, Plantation Management by the Clock
Eugene Genovese, The Shaping of a Unique Society
7. The Slave and Free Black Experience
DOCUMENTS
Harry McMillan, a Freedman, Describes His Bondage, 1863
Nancy Boudry, an Ex-Slave, Recalls Slavery, 1936
Harriet Jacobs Laments Her Trials as a Slave Girl (1828), 1861
Lucy and George Skipwith Write Their Master, 1847, 1857, 1859
Charleston''s Free Blacks Fear Reenslavement, 1859-1860
Five Generations of a South Carolina Slave Family (photo)
ESSAYS
Brenda Stevenson, Distress and Discord in slave Families
Peter Kolchin, Antebellum Slavery: Slave Religion and Community
8. Nonslaveholding Whites
DOCUMENTS
Ferdinand L. Steel''s Diary of a Yeoman, 1838-1841
A Baptist Church Meets in Conference, 1859
Hinton Rowan Helper Attacks Slavery, 1857
Census Record of Guilford County, North Carolina, 1850
D. R. Hundley Defends Nonslaveholders, 1860
Travelers'' Accounts of Yeoman Life, 1849, 1855
ESSAYS
Charles Bolton, Edward Isham and the World of Poor Whites
Victoria Bynum, Punishing Deviant Women: TheState as Patriarch
9. White Women''s Culture and Reality in the Old South
DOCUMENTS
Thomas Roderick Dew Idealizes Southern Women, 1835
The Sorrows of Childbirth, 1890, c. 1800
Lucy Shaw Laments the Death of Her Child, 1841
William Whitsitt Recounts the Death of His Daughter, 1848
Louisa Cheves McCord, "Woman''s Progress," 1853
Southern Women Write of Family, Friendship, Work, Race, 1821-1853
ESSAYS
Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, Constraints of the Plantation Household
Sally G. McMillen, Motherhood in the Old South
10. Sectionalism and Secession
DOCUMENTS
Resolutions of the Nashville Convention, 1850
Reverend Thornton Stringfellow Defends Slavery, 1856
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
James Henry Hammond Praises King Cotton, 1858
The Proposed Crittenden Compromise, 1860
Southern Editors Speculate on Secession, 1860, 1861
Letters of Support to Senator Andrew Johnson, 1860-1861
The Jones Family Responds to Republican Victory, 1860-1861
ESSAYS
Lacy K. Ford, Jr.,South Carolina Leaders Defend Slavery and Secession
Daniel W. Crofts, The Unionist Groundswell in the Upper South
11. The Confederate Experience
DOCUMENTS
Joseph E. Brown Attacks Conscription, 1862
Nonslaveholders Protest Wartime Inequities, 1861, 1863
The Confederacy Struggles with Desertion and Disaffection, 1863
Women React to Suffering at Home, 1862-1864
Dick and Tally Simpson Describe the Life of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1863
President Jefferson Davis Rallies His People, 1863
The Confederacy Debates Emancipation, 1865
ESSAYS
Emory Thomas, The Revolution Brings Revolutionary Change
Paul D. Escott., The Failure of Confederate Nationalism
Drew Gilpin Faust, "We Shall Never...Be the Same": How War Affected Southern Women
12. Emancipation and Reconstruction
DOCUMENTS
Ex-Slaves Recall Their First Taste of Freedom, 1937
Clarissa Burdett Recounts the Difficulties of a Black Soldier''s Wife, 1864
Thaddeus Stevens Advocates the Redistribution of Land, 1865
Mary Jones Describes the Concerns of Ex-Slaves, 1865
The Military Reconstruction Act, 1867
George Fitzhugh Reveals Southern White Fears of the Negro Vote, 1867
Congressional Testimony on the Ku Klux Klan, 1871
Representative Robet B. Elliott of South Carolina Demands Federal Civil Rights, January 1874
ESSAYS
James Roark, The Effect of Emancipation on Elite Southern Whites
Eric Foner, Black Life During Reconstruction"

About the Author

David Goldfield is the Robert Lee Bailey Professor of History at the University of North Carolina, Charlotte. A native of Memphis, he grew up in Brooklyn, New York, and attended the University of Maryland. He is the author or editor of fifteen books mostly dealing with the history of the American South, two of which received the Mayflower Award for Non-Fiction. His most recent book is AMERICA AFLAME: HOW THE CIVIL WAR CREATED A NATION (Bloomsbury Press, 2011). Elizabeth Hayes Turner, professor of history at the University of North Texas, earned her Ph.D. from Rice University. She is the author of WOMEN, CULTURE, AND COMMUNITY: RELIGION AND REFORM IN GALVESTON, 1880-1920 (1997); WOMEN AND GENDER IN THE NEW SOUTH, 1865-1945 (2009); co-author of GALVESTON AND THE 1900 STORM: CATASTROPHE AND CATALYST (2000); and co-editor of five books, including LONE STAR PASTS: MEMORY AND HISTORY IN TEXAS (2005). She is the author of several articles in edited anthologies and the Southern Literary Journal and is currently completing a book JUNETEENTH: THE EVOLUTION OF AN EMANCIPATION CELEBRATION. Paul Escott is Reynolds Professor of History at Wake Forest University. His academic degrees are from Harvard College and Duke University. Among his books are AFTER SECESSION: JEFFERSON DAVIS AND THE FAILURE OF CONFEDERATE NATIONALISM, SLAVERY REMEMBERED: A RECORD OF TWENTIETH-CENTURY SLAVE NARRATIVES, MANY EXCELLENT PEOPLE: POWER AND PRIVILEGE IN NORTH CAROLINA, 1850-1900, MILITARY NECESSITY: CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN THE CONFEDERACY, "WHAT SHALL WE DO WITH THE NEGRO?": LINCOLN, WHITE RACISM, AND CIVIL WAR AMERICA, and THE CONFEDERACY: THE SLAVEHOLDERS' FAILED VENTURE. Sally G. McMillen, the Mary Reynolds Babcock Professor of History at Davidson College, earned her Ph.D. from Duke University. Previous publications include MOTHERHOOD IN THE OLD SOUTH (1990), SOUTHERN WOMEN: BLACK AND WHITE IN THE OLD SOUTH (1991), TO RAISE UP THE SOUTH: SUNDAY SCHOOLS IN BLACK AND WHITE CHURCHES, 1865-1915 (2001), SENECA FALLS AND THE ORIGINS OF THE WOMEN'S RIGHTS MOVEMENT (2008) as well as several articles in the Journal of Southern History and the Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. She is currently working on a biography of Lucy Stone. Thomas G. Paterson, professor emeritus of history at the University of Connecticut, graduated from the University of New Hampshire (B.A., 1963) and the University of California, Berkeley (Ph.D., 1968). He is the author of Soviet-American Confrontation (1973), Meeting the Communist Threat (1988), On Every Front (1992), Contesting Castro (1994), America Ascendant (with J. Garry Clifford, 1995), and A People and a Nation (with Mary Beth Norton et al., 2001). Tom is also the editor of Cold War Critics (1971), Kennedy's Quest for Victory (1989), Imperial Surge (with Stephen G. Rabe, 1992), The Origins of the Cold War (with Robert McMahon, 1999), Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations (with Michael J. Hogan, 2004), and Major Problems in American Foreign Relations (with Dennis Merrill, 2010). With Bruce Jentleson, he served as senior editor for the Encyclopedia of American Foreign Relations (1997). A microfilm edition of The United States and Castro's Cuba, 1950s-1970s: The Paterson Collection appeared in 1999. He has served on the editorial boards of the Journal of American History and Diplomatic History. A recipient of a Guggenheim fellowship, he has directed National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Seminars for College Teachers. In 2000 the New England History Teachers Association recognized his excellence in teaching and mentoring with the Kidger Award. Besides visits to many American campuses, Tom has lectured in Canada, China, Colombia, Cuba, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Russia, and Venezuela. He is a past president of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations, which in 2008 honored him with the Laura and Norman Graebner Award for "lifetime achievement" in scholarship, service, and teaching. A native of Oregon, Tom is now informally associated with Southern Oregon University.

Reviews

1. What Is the South? ESSAYS W. J. Cash, The Continuity of Southern History C. Vann Woodward, The Discontinuity of Southern History David L. Smiley, Quest for a Central Theme John B. Boles, The Difficulty of Consensus on the South 2. Settlement of Red, White, and Black DOCUMENTS Captain John Smith Describes the Natives of Virginia, 1612 Nathaniel Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia, 1675-1676 Virginia's Statutes, 1630-1705 Chevalier d'Iberville Explores the Gulf South, 1699 South Carolina Restricts the Liberties of Slaves, 1740 ESSAYS Kathleen M. Brown, Gender and Race in Colonial Virginia Daniel H. Usner, Jr., Trade and Settlement in the Lower Mississippi Valley 3. The Maturing of the Colonial South DOCUMENTS Elizabeth Sprigs Describes Harsh Conditions of Servitude, 1756 Eliza Lucas Writes on Love and Business, 1740, 1741 The Debate over Slavery in Georgia, 1735-1750 Runaway Slave Advertisements from South Carolina, 1743-1784 Merchant Robert Pringle Observes Life and Trade in Charleston, 1739-1743 Reverend Charles Woodmason Decries the "Wild Peoples" of the Carolina Backcountry, 1768 "We Are Free-Men...Not born Slaves": Grievances from the Backcountry, 1767 ESSAYS Lorena S. Walsh, How Tobacco Production Shaped Slave Life in the Chesapeake Jack P. Greene, Georgia's Attempt to Become a Viable Colony 4. The Revolutionary South and Its Aftermath DOCUMENTS Two Attempts at Converting the Carolina Backcountry, 1775 Lord Dunmore's Proclamation Freeing Virginia's Slaves, 1775 Thomas Jefferson on the Defection of His Slaves to the British, 1781 Thomas Jefferson's Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom in Virginia, 1777 Eliza Wilkinson's Thoughts on Women and War, 1779 Colonel David Fanning's Memoirs of a Loyalist, 1781 Constitutional Clauses Refering to Slavery, 1787 ESSAYS Sylvia R. Frey, The Impact of African American Resistance During the War Rachel N. Klein, Who Should Rule at Home? The Revolution in the Carolina Backcountry 5. The Emergance of Southern Nationalism DOCUMENTS The Virginia and Kentucky Resolves, 1798, 1799 The Richmond Virginian Calls for Tighter Controls of Blacks, 1808 Southern Congressmen Defend Slavery in Missouri, 1820 Margaret Trimble McCue Wants to Live in a Free State, 1820 The Supreme Court Addresses Removal of the Indians from Georgia, 1831 The Nullification Crisis in South Carolina, 1832 John C. Calhoun Defends Slavery, 1837 ESSAYS Don E. Fehrenbacher, The Missouri Controversy: A Critical Moment in Southern Sectionalism Pauline Maier, The Road Not Taken: Nullification, John C. Calhoun, and the Revolutionary Tradition in South Carolina 6. The Slaveholders' South DOCUMENTS The Cotton South (map) Joseph G. Baldwin Examines Frontier Law in Alabama and Mississippi, 1835-1837 Cotton Planter Bennett Barrow Describes Life in Louisiana, 1838, 1839, 1841 Two Plantation Site Plans in Georgia and Alabama (maps) Experiences of William Johnson, a Free Black, in Natchez, Mississippi, 1838-1842 Excerpts from Charles Manigault's Plantation Journal and Letter, 1833-1853 ESSAYS Mark M. Smith, Plantation Management by the Clock Eugene Genovese, The Shaping of a Unique Society 7. The Slave and Free Black Experience DOCUMENTS Harry McMillan, a Freedman, Describes His Bondage, 1863 Nancy Boudry, an Ex-Slave, Recalls Slavery, 1936 Harriet Jacobs Laments Her Trials as a Slave Girl (1828), 1861 Lucy and George Skipwith Write Their Master, 1847, 1857, 1859 Charleston's Free Blacks Fear Reenslavement, 1859-1860 Five Generations of a South Carolina Slave Family (photo) ESSAYS Brenda Stevenson, Distress and Discord in slave Families Peter Kolchin, Antebellum Slavery: Slave Religion and Community 8. Nonslaveholding Whites DOCUMENTS Ferdinand L. Steel's Diary of a Yeoman, 1838-1841 A Baptist Church Meets in Conference, 1859 Hinton Rowan Helper Attacks Slavery, 1857 Census Record of Guilford County, North Carolina, 1850 D. R. Hundley Defends Nonslaveholders, 1860 Travelers' Accounts of Yeoman Life, 1849, 1855 ESSAYS Charles Bolton, Edward Isham and the World of Poor Whites Victoria Bynum, Punishing Deviant Women: TheState as Patriarch 9. White Women's Culture and Reality in the Old South DOCUMENTS Thomas Roderick Dew Idealizes Southern Women, 1835 The Sorrows of Childbirth, 1890, c. 1800 Lucy Shaw Laments the Death of Her Child, 1841 William Whitsitt Recounts the Death of His Daughter, 1848 Louisa Cheves McCord, "Woman's Progress," 1853 Southern Women Write of Family, Friendship, Work, Race, 1821-1853 ESSAYS Elizabeth Fox-Genovese, Constraints of the Plantation Household Sally G. McMillen, Motherhood in the Old South 10. Sectionalism and Secession DOCUMENTS Resolutions of the Nashville Convention, 1850 Reverend Thornton Stringfellow Defends Slavery, 1856 Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 James Henry Hammond Praises King Cotton, 1858 The Proposed Crittenden Compromise, 1860 Southern Editors Speculate on Secession, 1860, 1861 Letters of Support to Senator Andrew Johnson, 1860-1861 The Jones Family Responds to Republican Victory, 1860-1861 ESSAYS Lacy K. Ford, Jr.,South Carolina Leaders Defend Slavery and Secession Daniel W. Crofts, The Unionist Groundswell in the Upper South 11. The Confederate Experience DOCUMENTS Joseph E. Brown Attacks Conscription, 1862 Nonslaveholders Protest Wartime Inequities, 1861, 1863 The Confederacy Struggles with Desertion and Disaffection, 1863 Women React to Suffering at Home, 1862-1864 Dick and Tally Simpson Describe the Life of Confederate Soldiers, 1861-1863 President Jefferson Davis Rallies His People, 1863 The Confederacy Debates Emancipation, 1865 ESSAYS Emory Thomas, The Revolution Brings Revolutionary Change Paul D. Escott., The Failure of Confederate Nationalism Drew Gilpin Faust, "We Shall Never...Be the Same": How War Affected Southern Women 12. Emancipation and Reconstruction DOCUMENTS Ex-Slaves Recall Their First Taste of Freedom, 1937 Clarissa Burdett Recounts the Difficulties of a Black Soldier's Wife, 1864 Thaddeus Stevens Advocates the Redistribution of Land, 1865 Mary Jones Describes the Concerns of Ex-Slaves, 1865 The Military Reconstruction Act, 1867 George Fitzhugh Reveals Southern White Fears of the Negro Vote, 1867 Congressional Testimony on the Ku Klux Klan, 1871 Representative Robet B. Elliott of South Carolina Demands Federal Civil Rights, January 1874 ESSAYS James Roark, The Effect of Emancipation on Elite Southern Whites Eric Foner, Black Life During Reconstruction