I. General Aspects of the Headaches

History of the Headache

Classification of the Headache

Epidemiology of the Headache

Impact of the Headache on the Individual and Family

Societal Burden of the Headache

History and Examination of the Headache Patient

Principles of Clinical Pharmacology, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials and Evidence-Based Medicine in the Headache

Ethical Issues in Headache Research and Management

II.Basic Science Aspects of the Headahces

Anatomy of Muscles, Tendons, Joints, Blood Vessels, and Meninges

Anatomy and Physiology of Head Pain

Inhibition and Facilitation of Nociception

Peripheral and Central Sensitization Related to Headaches

Imaging Pain

Serotonin and Other Biogenic Amines

Nitric Oxide

Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide and Other Peptides

Sex Hormones

Prostanoids and Other Inflammatory Mediators

Other Molecules Affecting Pain Modulation

Ion Channels Relevant to Pain

Intracellular Mechanisms of Relevance to Pain Transmission

Animal Models of the Headache

Human Models of the Headaches

III.The Migraines

The Migraines: Introduction

Epidemiology of the Migraine

Migraine Comorbidity

Genetics of the Migraine

Cortical Spreading Depression

5-Hydroxytryptamine Involvement in Migraines

Nitric Oxide Involvement in Migraines

CGRP Involvement in Migraines

Channelopathies and Their Possible Relation to Migraines

Neurogenic Inflammatory Mechanisms

Blood and Spinal Fluid in Migraines

Influence of Female Hormones on Migraines

Platelets and Immunology of Migraines

Hemodynamics and Neuroimaging of Migraines

Brain Metabolism in Migraines

Neurophysiology of Migraines

Autonomic Dysfunction in Migraines

Psychological Mechanisms of Migraines

Synthesis of Migraine Mechanisms

Symptomatology of Migraines without Aura

Migraines with Aura and Its Subforms

Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Migraines

Prognosis of Migraines

General and Pharmacological Approach to Migraine Management

Psychological and Behavioral Treatments of Migraines

Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs in the Acute Treatment of Migraines

Ergot Alkaloids in the Acute Treatment of Migraines

Triptans, 5-HT 1B/1D Receptor Agonists in the Acute Treatment of Migraines

Antiemetic, Prokinetic, Neuroleptic, and Miscellaneous Drugs in the Acute Treatment of Migraines

Prioritizing Acute Pharmacotherapy of Migraines

B-Adrenoceptor Blocking Drugs in Migraine Prophylaxis

Antiserotonin Drugs in Migraine Prophylaxis

Calcium Antagonists in Migraine Prophylaxis

Antiepileptic Drugs in Migraine Prophylaxis

Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory and Miscellaneous Drugs (magnesium, botox, feverfew, riboflavinin) in Migraine Prophylaxis

Prioritizing Prophylactic Treatment of Migraines

Potential New Drugs for Acute and Prophylactic Treatment of Migraines

Sporadic and Familial Hemiplegic Migraines

Basilar Migraines and Retinal Migraines

Status Migrainosus and Migraine Aura Status

Migrainous Infarction, Persistent Aura Symptoms Without Stroke and Migraine Triggered Epilepsy

Chronic Migraines

IV.Tension-Type Headaches, Cluster Headahces, and Other Primary Headaches

Tension-Type Headache: Introduction

Epidemiology of Tension-Type Headaches

Genetics of Tension-Type Headaches

Human Studies of Experimental Pain from Muscle

Sensitization of Myofascial Pain Pathways in Tension-Type Headaches

Neurophysiology of Tension-Type Headaches

Hemodynamics and Muscle Metabolism of Tension-Type Headaches

Oromandibular Dysfunction and Tension-Type Headaches

Psychological Mechanisms of Tension-Type Headaches

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